1. Kingdom Protista
IN 253, 255

2. What is a Protist? An organism that is not a:
Plant
Animal
Fungus
Prokaryote
They are eukaryotes that are not members of the plant, animal or fungi kingdoms.

3. 3 Types of Protists 1. Animal-Like Protists
A. Called Protozoans B. Unicellular heterotrophs C. Grouped by how they move:
Flagella
Cilia
Extensions of their cytoplasm
No movement at all

4. 2. Plant-Like Protists
Algae
Description: Uni & Multicellular autotrophs
No roots, stems, or leaves
Key characteristic used to classify algae are the photosynthetic pigments they contain

5. 3. Fungus-Like Protists
A. Decomposers that absorb their nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter
B. Unlike true fungi, fungus-like protists lack true cell walls

6. Amoeba A. Move with Pseudopods = false feet
Cell shape changes constantly
B. Engulf food with pseudopods forming food vacuoles
C. Contractile vacuole pumps out excess water

7. Euglena A. Also known as = flagellates
B. Have one or more flagella which move back & forth
C. Absorb food through their cell membranes

8. Sporozoans Cannot move Most produce spores as their reproductive cells
Have complex life cycles including hosts

9. Paramecium
Move by beating cilia

10. Ex: Plasmodium- carries Malaria
Reproduce in mosquitos
Spores migrate to salivary glands
Spores are injected while feeding
Reproduce again inside host
Spores are released into the blood
Spores rupture releasing toxins

11. Plasmodium undergoes several stages of development in mosquito’s body
Section 20-2
Plasmodium undergoes several stages of development in mosquito’s body
Mosquito bites human, injecting saliva that contains Plasmodium sporozoites
Plasmodium sporozoites
Anopheles mosquito bites infected human and picks up Plasmodium cells
Sporozoites infect liver cells
Liver
Infected liver cells burst, releasing Plasmodium cells that infect red blood cells
Infected red blood cells burst, releasing Plasmodium cells; some can infect other red blood cells, and others can infect mosquitoes
Plasmodium cells
Red blood cells
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12. Plant-like Protists Algae

13. Characteristics of Algae.
Kingdom: Protista
Classified by: Color
Algae form the base of the aquatic food chain as: Phytoplankton
Algae produces much of the Earth’s oxygen
Algal blooms (masses of algae) may indicate:
Increase in wastes in water
Deplete water of nutrients

14. Human Uses of Algae 1. Major food source for life in oceans
2. Medications for:
Ulcers
High blood pressure
Arthritis
3. Used to wrap fish, rice, & vegetables for sushi
4. Ice cream contains algin, a thickener found in brown algae
5. Chemicals from algae also used in plastic production, deodorants, paints also used to grow bacteria on in labs

15. Types of Algae 1. Euglena Has traits of plants: cell wall chlorophyll
Has traits of animals:
move with flagella
respond to light with eyespot

16. 2. Dinoflagellates
Have two or more flagella
Several produce toxins when they bloom
Causes Red Tides: these blooms kill fish

17. 3. Diatoms
Marine autotrophs eaten by many other marine animals
Glassy shells
Used in abrasive cleaners
Was used for toothpaste
Store oils giving fish a strong “fishy” taste

18. 4. Red Algae
Marine seaweed
Attach to rocks at bottom of ocean
5. Brown Algae
Most are marine
Commonly called kelp
Grown in kelp “beds” providing shelter for fish

19. Contain chloroplasts which are filled with chlorophyll
6. Green Algae
Contain chloroplasts which are filled with chlorophyll
Undergo photosynthesis
Usually found in freshwater near the surface
Some have special adaptations for floating called = Air Bladders
Wide variety of forms:
Filaments
Sheets
Spherical
Colonies

20. Fungus Like Protists

21. 1. Grow in damp organic matter
2. Heterotrophs that absorb nutrients form dead decaying organic matter through their cells.
Types
* Slime Molds
Helps to recycle organic matter

22. Water Molds
Thrive on dead or decaying organic matter in water & are plant parasites on land
Example-mold on a dead fish