CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Decision Support System 1 1.

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Decision Support System 1 1

Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen)
1.1 Decision Making and Business Decision Making What is Decision Making ? Business Decision Making Individual or Group Have Conflict objective Many Alternative Predictive Have risk Use What-If analysis to forecast Some case will use Trail-and-Error The environments have effect Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 2 2

1.2 Type of Problem Structured Problem Semistructured Problem Unstructured Problem Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 3 3

1.3 Three Phase Decision-making Process (Simon)
Intelligence searching for conditions that call for decisions Design inventing, developing, and analyzing possible courses of action Choice selecting a course of action from those available Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition. Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 4 4

Systematic Decision-Making Process (Simon, 1977)
The Decision-Making Process Systematic Decision-Making Process (Simon, 1977) Intelligence Design Choice Implementation (Figure 2.2) Modeling is Essential to the Process Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 5 Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 5

1.4 Type of Decision Making 3 Main type of Decision Making Number of Decision Maker Structure of Problem Organization Level Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 6 6

1.4 Type of Decision Making Number of Decision Maker Personal Decision Group Decision Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 7 7

1.4 Type of Decision Making Structure of Problem Structured Decision Semistrucured Decision Unstructured Decision Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 8 8

1.4 Type of Decision Making Organization Level Strategic Decision Management Control Decision Operational Decision Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 9 9

1.5 Condition of Decision Making Decision Under Certainty Condition Decision Under risk Condition Decision Under Uncertainty Condition Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 10 10

1.6 Information System for Decision Making Top Management Level Middle Management Level Operational Level TPS OAS MIS DSS EIS Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 11 11

1.6 Information System for Decision Making Reason for use IS Many Alternative Limitation time Have uncertainty environment Lack of expert Time to processing Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 12 12

1.7 Meaning and Evolution of DSS Meaning of DSS Mr.Scott Morton (1971) ระบบที่ทำงาน ร่วมกับคอมพิวเตอร์โดยช่วยผู้ตัดสินใจเอาข้อมูล (Data) และ แบบจำลอง (Model) มาแก้ปัญหาแบบไม่มีโครงสร้าง (Unstructured Problem) Mr.Keen and Mr.Scott Morton (1978) Semistructure Problem Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 13 13

1.7 Meaning and Evolution of DSS Evolution of DSS First phase evolution Second phase evolution Third phase evolution Fourth phase evolution Fifth phase evolution Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 14 14

1.8 Characters and Capability of DSS 13 Characters and Capability of DSS Semistructured or Unstructured problems Support Middle and Top Manager Individual or group decision Discrete or Continuous Problem Support Decision Making Process Support verities of Decision Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 15 15

1.8 Characters and Capability of DSS 13 Characters and Capability of DSS High Flexibility User friendly Performance of DSS importance than cost for develop To support Decision process not make decision Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 16 16

1.8 Characters and Capability of DSS 13 Characters and Capability of DSS Easy to develop by user (for small DSS) Have Model component Can access many input data Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 17

1.9 Benefit of DSS Develop efficiency of personal work Develop problem solving Help to commutations  Groupware Emphasis to learning and practice More organization control  Inventory control Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 18 18

1.10 Types of DSS 4 Main type of DSS DSS by output DSS by “ Holsapple and Whinston ” Idea DSS by User DSS by type of work Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 19 19

1.10 Types of DSS DSS by output File Drawer System Data Analysis System Analysis Information System Accounting Model Representational Model Optimization System Suggestion System Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 20 20

1.10 Types of DSS DSS by “ Holsapple and Whinston ” Idea Text-Oriented DSS Database-Oriented DSS Spreadsheet-Oriented DSS Solver-Oriented DSS Rule-Oriented DSS Compound DSS Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 21 21

1.10 Types of DSS DSS by User Personal Support Group Support Organization Support Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 22 22

1.10 Types of DSS DSS by type of work Custom-Made System Ready-Made System Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 23 23

Question ???? Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 24 24

CHAPTER 2 Architecture of Decision Support System Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 25 25

2.1 Meaning Architecture of Decision Support System What is Architecture of Decision Support System? Structure of DSS components Relation between DSS components Relation between external environment Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 26 26

2.2 Advantage of architecture of DSS Know how the component working Share resource by any department Make the sequence in the process Communicate between component Support group decision Support planning more efficiency Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 27 27

2.3 Factors of DSS Architecture Development Organization’s Strategy Consider in master plan and follow its Level of Management Type of problem  Structured Semi structured Unstructured Characteristic of organization business Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 28 28

2.4 Components of DSS Architecture
Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 29 Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition, Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 29

2.4 Components of DSS Architecture 4 Main components of DSS architecture Data Management Model Management User Interface Management Knowledge Management Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 30 30

2.4 Components of DSS Architecture Tool for develop DSS Hardware Operating System (OS) Network System Software Modeling tools Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 31 31

2.4 Components of DSS Architecture Environment of DSS User Programmer External Data Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 32 32

2.5 Data Management Component of Data Management Database Database Management System (DBMS) Data Directory Query Facility Extraction Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 33 33

2.5 Data Management : Structure Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 34 34

The Capabilities of DBMS in a DSS Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 35 35

2.6 Model Management Model base Model base management system Modeling language Model directory Model execution, integration, and command processor Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 36 36

2.6 Model Management Model Base Contains routine and special statistical, financial, forecasting, management science, and other quantitative models that provide the analysis capabilities in a DSS. Model building blocks can be Employed on their own for applications Used as components of larger models Used to determine the values of variables and parameters in a model Modeling tools C+, JAVA, Excel Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 37 37

2.6 Model Management Model execution is the process of controlling the actual running of the model. Model integration involves combining the operations of several models when needed Model command processor is used to accept and interpret modeling instructions from the user interface component and route them to MBMS, model execution, or integration functions. Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 38 38

2.6 Model Management : Structure Models (Model Base) Strategic, tactical, operational Statical, financial, marketing, management science, accounting, engineering, etc. Model building blocks Model Directory Model Base Management Modeling command: creation Maintenance: update Database interface Modeling language Data Management Interface KB Subsystem Model execution, Integration, and Command processor Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 39 39

2.6 Model Management Major Functions of the MBMS Create models Allows users to manipulate models Stores, retrieves and manages different types of models Accesses and integrates the model building blocks Catalogs and displays the directory of models Tracks model data and application use Interrelates models with appropriate linkages with the database Manages and maintains the model Uses multiple models Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 40 40

2.7 Knowledge Management Provides expertise in solving complex unstructured and semi-structured problems Expertise provided by an expert system or other intelligent system Advanced DSS have a knowledge based (management) component Leads to intelligent DSS Example: Data mining Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 41 41

2.7 Knowledge Management Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 42 42

2.7 Knowledge Management Major Functions of the KBMS Providing tools for decision in special case Intelligent Decision modeling System Analysis for uncertainty situation Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 43 43

2.8 User Interface Management Includes all communication between a user and the MSS Graphical user interfaces (GUI) Voice recognition and speech synthesis possible To most users, the user interface is the system Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 44 44

User InterfaceManagement
2.8 User Interface Management : Structure Data Management And DBMS KB Subsystem Model Management And MBMS User InterfaceManagement System (UIMS) Natural Language Processor Input ActionLanguage Output Display Language Printers, Plotters Users Terminal Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 45 45

2.8 User Interface Management Major Capabilities of The UIMS Provides a graphical user interface-web browser Accommodates the users with a variety of input devices Presents data with a variety of formats and output devices Gives users help capabilities, prompting, diagnostic and suggestion routines Provides interactions with the database and the model base Stores input and output data Provides color graphics, 3-dimensional graphics, and data plotting. Has windows to allow multiple functions to be displayed concurrently Can support communication among and b/w users and builders of MSS Provides training by example Provides flexibility and adaptiveness Interacts in multiple, different dialog styles Captures, stores, and analyze dialog usage Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 46 46

The User Different usage patterns for the user, the manager, or the decision maker Managers Staff specialists Intermediaries 1. Staff assistant 2. Expert tool user 3. Business (system) analyst 4. GSS Facilitator Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 47 47

DSS Hardware Evolved with computer hardware and software technologies Major Hardware Options Mainframe Workstation Personal computer Web server system Internet Intranets Extranets Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 48 48

Question ??? Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 49

CHAPTER 3 Data Management Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 50 50

3.1 Data Information and Knowledge Data Information Knowledge Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 51 51

3.1 Data Information and Knowledge : Structure Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 52 52

3.2 Data Source Internal Data Source External Data Source Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 53 53

3.3 Data Collection 3.3.1 Collection Method Survey  Questionnaire Observation Interview Documentation and Work procedure Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 54 54

3.3 Data Collection 3.3.2 Data Problems Incorrect Data No update Data Garbage In Garbage Out (GIGO) Data No usable data Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 55 55

3.3 Data Collection 3.3.2 Data Quality General Data Quality  Consistency Completeness Nature Data Quality  Correct and Reliability Access Data Quality  Accessibility and Security Presentation Data Quality  Meaning Easy to use Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 56 56

3.4 Database Advantage of Database Decrease data redundancy Avoid data inconsistency More standard data format Data security Data Integrity Easy to reporting Concurrency control Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 57 57

3.5 Database Management System : DBMS Component of Database Management System : DBMS Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 58 58

3.5 Database Management System : DBMS Function of Database Management System : DBMS Prepare User View Create and Edit database  DDL Storage and Retrieval  Logical Access Path (LAP) Physical Access Path (PAP) Manipulation and Reporting Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 59 59

3.5 Database Management System : DBMS Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 60 60

3.6 Type of Database Hierarchical Database Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 61 61

3.6 Type of Database Network Database Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 62 62

3.6 Type of Database Relational Database Table 2 Dimension Row  Record or Tuple Column  Attribute Primary key foreign key Normalization process Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 63 63

3.6 Type of Database Object-Oriented Database Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 64 64

3.7 Database Technology Data Warehouse Meaning of Data Warehouse  Organization – customized System Characteristic of Data Warehouse Subject-Oriented Integrated Time Variant Non-Volatile Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 65 65

3.7 Database Technology Data Warehouse Advantage of Data Warehouse High performance Better competitive More decision efficiency Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 66 66

3.7 Database Technology Data Warehouse Disadvantage of Data Warehouse Long time to load data Must have expert Long time to develop More complicated Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 67 67

3.7 Database Technology Data Warehouse Architecture of Data Warehouse Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 68 68

3.7 Database Technology Data Warehouse Architecture of Data Warehouse Data Acquisition System Data Staging Area Data Warehouse Database Data Mart  Data Provisioning Area End Users terminal Metadata Repository Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 69 69

3.7 Database Technology Data Warehouse Data Analysis method in Data Warehouse Query and Reporting Multidimensional Data Analysis  Online Analytical Processing Generator (OLAP) Data Mining Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 70 70

3.7 Database Technology Data Warehouse Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 71 71

3.7 Database Technology Online Analytical Processing : OLAP Meaning of OLAP  Multidimensional data analysis Characteristic of Multidimensional Database Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 72 72

3.7 Database Technology Online Analytical Processing : OLAP Operation with OLAP Roll up Drill Down  Consolidation Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 73 73

3.7 Database Technology Online Analytical Processing : OLAP Operation with OLAP Slice Dice Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 74

3.7 Database Technology Online Analytical Processing : OLAP Operation with OLAP Slice Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 75

3.7 Database Technology Online Analytical Processing : OLAP Operation with OLAP Dice Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 76

3.7 Database Technology Online Analytical Processing : OLAP Analysis and Compare for many view of data Make easy for decision Provide specific view for user Quickly for query Online analytical multidimensional database  quality decision Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 77

3.8 Presentation method in DSS 2 Methods to present data for DSS Graphic Method Multidimensional Method Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 78

Question ??? Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 79

Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen)
CHAPTER 5 Knowledge Management Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 80 80

5.1 Knowledge Data Information Knowledge Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 81 81

5.2 Type of Knowledge Categorize by KBMS Descriptive Knowledge : knowing what Procedural Knowledge : knowing how Reasoning Knowledge : knowing why Presentation Knowledge Linguistic Knowledge : Meaning of data Assimilative Knowledge : Maintain KBMS Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 82 82

5.2 Type of Knowledge Categorize by business Advantage Base Knowledge  Main Idea Trivial Knowledge  More Detail Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 83 83

5.2 Type of Knowledge Categorize by Knowledge Tacit Knowledge  Difficult to explain Explicit Knowledge  Easy to explain Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 84 84

5.3 Knowledge Management Meaning of Knowledge Management Wiig, 1993 Gray, 1999 Why it importance “ Knowledge Asset ” Use Knowledge Management System Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 85 85

5.4 Knowledge Management System Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 86 86

5.4 Knowledge Management System Goal and objective of Knowledge Management System Create knowledge warehouse Improve knowledge access Can use knowledge widely Keep knowledge like asset Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 87 87

5.4 Knowledge Management System Knowledge Repository External knowledge Formal Internal knowledge Most are explicit knowledge Informal Internal knowledge Most are tacit knowledge Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 88 88

5.4 Knowledge Management System Function of Knowledge Management System Externalization  storage external data Internalization  manage internal data Most are explicit knowledge Intermediation  groupware, intranet Most are tacit knowledge Cognition  Apply all knowledge together Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 89 89

5.4 Knowledge Management System Function of Knowledge Management System Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 90 90

5.5 Knowledge Management Cycle Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 91 91

5.5 Knowledge Management Cycle Create Knowledge Capture Knowledge Refine Knowledge Store Knowledge Manage Knowledge Disseminate Knowledge Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 92 92

5.6 Knowledge Management Development Identify problem or knowledge Prepare for change Set team base Set Knowledge Create system Set infrastructure Combine with current IS Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 93 93

5.6 Tool for develop Knowledge Management System Network system  Intranet Internet Groupware  GSS VDO conference Electronic document system Artificial Intelligent Operating System (OS) Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 94 94

5.6 Tool for develop Knowledge Management System Application software Tool for Data warehouse Tool for Data mining Knowledge Analysis tools Search engine system Database Knowledge Management Software  SolutionBuilder Dataware KnowledgeX Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 95 95

Question ??? Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 96 96

Chapter 6 User Interface Management Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 97

6.1 Meaning of user interface Medium between user and system Command line Graphic User Interface (GUI) Natural Language Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 98 98

6.2 Component of user interface Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 99

6.2 Component of user interface Component by user view Knowledge Action Language  User Interface mode/style User’s Reaction Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 100

6.2 Component of user interface Component by computer system view Dialog Computer Processing  translate action language to process Presentation Language Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 101

6.3 User Interface Management System : UIMS Capability of UIMS : Support GUI Flexible for any Input device Flexible for any output device Flexible for problem structure Storage Input and Output data Support 3-D graphic Present output data in many style and many window Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 102

6.3 User Interface Management System : UIMS Capability of UIMS : Prepare supporting tools for help user to use Adapt the user interface by user Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 103

6.4 User Interface Mode Command Language Interaction Menu Interaction Form Interaction Object – Base Interaction Natural Language Interaction Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 104

6.4 User Interface Mode Command Language Interaction Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 105

6.4 User Interface Mode Menu Interaction Pull – Down Menu Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 106

6.4 User Interface Mode Menu Interaction Pop – Up Menu Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 107

6.4 User Interface Mode Form Interaction Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 108

6.4 User Interface Mode Object – Base Interaction Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 109

6.4 User Interface Mode Natural Language Interaction Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 110

6.5 Layout and Display Design Screen Layout Format Title Zone Menu Zone Tools Zone Body Zone Message Zone  tell status Pop-up Zone Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 111

6.5 Layout and Display Design Data Entry Control Cursor Control Edit Function Exit Function Help Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 112

6.5 Layout and Display Design Structure Data Entry Use data from Database to entry Identify default value  Cursor moving, Date format, Comma sign Unit of data Caption/Field description Data format Data Justify Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 113

6.5 Layout and Display Design Structure Data Entry Help Graphic User Interface (GUI) Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 114

6.5 Layout and Display Design Graphic User Interface : GUI Text box Radio button Check box List box Drop-Down list box Combination (Combo) box Spin (Spinner) box Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 115

6.5 Layout and Display Design Graphic User Interface : GUI Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 116

6.5 Layout and Display Design Providing Feedback Status Information Prompting Cues Error/Warning Message Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 119

6.5 Layout and Display Design Help Tools Simplicity Organize Example Show Advantage and Disadvantage of color interface Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 120

6.6 Other type of user interface Graphics Text Bar and Pie chart Map Diagram Sequence / Hierarchical Chart Motion Graphic Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 121

6.6 Other type of user interface Multimedia and Hypertext Multimedia Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 122

6.6 Other type of user interface Multimedia and Hypertext Hypertext Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 123

6.6 Other type of user interface Virtual Reality System Computer Simulation Environment Cyberspace Application : Boeing ,Volvo , British Airways ,Games Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 124

6.6 Other type of user interface Virtual Reality System Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 125

6.6 Other type of user interface Natural Language Processing Keyword Analysis / Pattern Matching Language Processing Application : Speech Recognition System Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 129

6.7 Geographic Information System : GIS Components of GIS Data Data Storage Model Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 130

Quiz ??? Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 131

Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen)
Chapter 7 Group Decision Support Systems : GDSS Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 132 132

7.1 Group Decision Advantage Disadvantage Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 133 133

7.2 Group Decision Support System : GDSS Meaning of Group Decision Support System : GDSS Characteristic of Group Decision Support System Specific system for application Improve the result of group decision making Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 134 134

7.2 Group Decision Support System : GDSS Characteristic of Group Decision Support System Design for solve urgently or general problem Ease to use GDSS and GDSS can adapt any user Encourage user to join with system Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 135 135

7.2 Group Decision Support System : GDSS Components of Group Decision Support System Hardware Software User Procedure Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 136 136

7.2 Group Decision Support System : GDSS Components of Group Decision Support System Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 137 137

7.3 Correlation between GDSS and Groupware GDSS = Groupware ? Groupware  Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)  Group Support System (GSS) GDSS use some Groupware to implement Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 138 138

7.3 Correlation between GDSS and Groupware Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 139 139

7.4 Technology for support group working Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 140 140

7.4 Technology for support group working Same time/Same place  Traditional conference Same time/Difference place  Technology can help people to communication Difference time/Same place  Employee have difference schedule to working then use technology to help Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 141 141

7.4 Technology for support group working Difference time/Difference place  Employee have difference schedule and difference place to working then use technology to help Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 142 142

7.4 Technology for support group working Electronic Meeting System Electronic room / Decision room Conference Software  Groupware Computer hardware Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 143 143

7.4 Technology for support group working Electronic Mail and Messaging System  Intranet & Internet Group Calendaring and Scheduling Workflow System  monitor and control project Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 144 144

7.5 GDSS and Groupware GroupSystem for Windows VisionQuest  Develop by Collaborative technologies Corporation,Austin,TX SAMM  Software Aided Meeting Management by Minnesota U. Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 145 145

7.5 GDSS and Groupware Lotus Domino/Notes by Lotus Development Crop Netscape Communicator  Web Browser like Internet Explorer TCBWorks  by Georgia U. , Athens run on network(UNIX server) Expert Choice Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 146 146

7.6 Success factor for Group Decision Support System Design Approach Support unstructured decision Secret Vote Easy to use Implementation Approach Prepare training for everyone Support top and middle manager Facilitate tools Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 147 147

7.6 Success factor for Group Decision Support System Implementation Approach Can test before actual work Management Approach No error for working Use feedback to improve performance Adapt new technology to GDSS Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 148 148

Question ??? Decision Support System by Simulation model (Arjarn Chat Chuchuen) 149

Chapter 8 Enterprise Decision Support Systems Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 150

Enterprise Decision Support Systems DSS to provide enterprise-wide support Executives Many decision makers in different locations Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 151

Evolution of Executive and Enterprise Information Systems DSS and ODSS 1980s: Top execs get Executive Information Systems 1995+’s: Move to everybody’s information systems and enterprise information systems Definitions follow Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 152

Executive Information System (EIS) A computer-based system that serves the information needs of top executives Provides rapid access to timely information and direct access to management reports Very user-friendly, supported by graphics Provides exceptions reporting and "drill-down" capabilities Easily connected to the Internet Drill down Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 153

Executive Support System (ESS)
Comprehensive support system that goes beyond EIS to include Communications Office automation Analysis support Intelligence Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 154

Enterprise Information System Corporate-wide system Provides holistic information From a corporate view Part of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems For business intelligence Leading up to enterprise information portals and knowledge management systems Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 155

Executives’ Role and Their Information Needs Decisional Executive Role (2 Phases) Identification of problems and/or opportunities The decision of what to do about them Flow chart and information flow (Figure 8.1) Use phases to determine executives’ information needs Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 156

The Decision Making Process of Executives (Decision Role)
External environment Internal environment Evaluation of information Qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis Interpretation: Is there a problem (opportunity)? Decision: What to do about the problem (opportunity) Yes Input for decision making Scanning No Phase I Phase II Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 157

Methods for Finding Information Need Wetherbe's Approach Structured Interviews IBM's Business System Planning (BSP) Critical Success Factors (CSF) Ends/Means (E/M) Analysis Prototyping Watson and Frolick's Approach Asking (interview approach) Deriving the needs from an existing information system Synthesis from characteristics of the systems Discovering (Prototyping) Ten methods Other Methods Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 158

Executive Information System (EIS) Characteristics and Benefits Quality of information User interface Technical capability provided Benefits Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 159

Executive Information System (EIS) Characteristics Drill down Critical success Factors (CSF) Status access Analysis Exception reporting Colors and audio Navigation of information Communication Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 160

Critical Success Factors (CSF) Monitored by five types of information Key problem narratives Highlight charts Top-level financials Key factors (key performance indicators (KPI)) Detailed KPI responsibility reports Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 161

Critical Success Factors (CSF) Typical Key Performance Indicators Profitability Profitability measures for each department, product, region, comparisons among departments and products and with competitors Financial Financial ratios, balance sheet analysis, cash reserve position, ROI Marketing Market shares, advertisement analysis, product pricing, weekly sales results Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 162

Comparing and Integrating EIS and DSS Tables 8.2 and 8.3 compare the two systems Table DSS definitions related to EIS Table Comparison of EIS and DSS EIS is part of decision support Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 163

Integrating EIS and Group Support Systems EIS vendors - easy interfaces with GSS Some EIS built in Lotus Domino / Notes Comshare Inc. and Pilot Software, Inc. - Lotus Domino/Notes-based enhancements and Web/Internet/Intranet links Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 164

Traditional EIS Software Major Commercial EIS Software Vendors Comshare Inc. ( Pilot Software Inc. ( Application Development Tools In-house components Comshare Commander tools Pilot Software’s Command Center Plus and Pilot Decision Support Suite Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 165

Multidimensional Analysis Easy to develop an EIS in an OLAP system Most are Web-ready Can tap into data in a data warehouse via the Web Use advanced visualization tools Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 166

Representative OLAP / Multidimensional Analysis Packages BrioQuery (Brio Technology Inc.) Business Objects (Business Objects Inc.) Decision Web (Comshare Inc.) DataFountain (Dimensional Insight Inc.) DSS Web (MicroStrategy Inc.) Focus Fusion (Information Builders Inc.) InfoBeacon Web (Platinum Technology Inc.) Oracle xpress Server (Oracle Corporation) Pilot Internet Publisher (Pilot Software Inc.) Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 167

Including Soft Information in EIS Soft information is Fuzzy Unofficial Intuitive Subjective Nebulous Implied Vague Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 168

Soft Information Used in Most EIS Predictions, speculations, forecasts, estimates (78.1%) Explanations, justifications, assessments, interpretations (65.6%) News reports, industry trends, external survey data (62.5%) Schedules, formal plans (50.0%) Opinions, feelings, ideas (15.6%) Rumors, gossip, hearsay (9.4%) Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 169

Including Soft Information in EIS Soft Information Enhances EIS Value Intelligent Agents New Feeds Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 170

Organizational DSS (ODSS) Hackathorn and Keen (1981) Organizational decision support focuses on an organizational task or activity involving a sequence of operations and actors Each individual's activities must mesh closely with other people's work Computer support is for Improving communication and coordination Problem solving Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 171

Organizational DSS (ODSS) Definitions A combination of computer and communication technology designed to coordinate and disseminate decision- making across functional areas and hierarchical layers in order that decisions are congruent with organizational goals and management's shared interpretation of the competitive environment (R. T. Watson, 1990) A DSS that is used by individuals or groups at several workstations in more than one organizational unit who make varied (interrelated but autonomous) decisions using a common set of tools (Carter et al., 1992) Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 172

Organizational DSS (ODSS) Definitions A distributed decision support system (DDSS). Not a manager's DSS, but supports the organization's division of labor in decision making (Swanson and Zmud, 1990) Apply the technologies of computers and communications to enhance the organizational decision-making process. Vision of technological support for group processes to the higher level of organizations (King and Star, 1990) Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 173

Organizational DSS (ODSS) Common Characteristics (George, 1991) Focus is on an organizational task or activity or a decision that affects several organizational units or corporate problems Cuts across organizational functions or hierarchical layers Almost always involves computer-based technologies, and may involve communication technologies Can Integrate ODSS with Group DSS and Executive Information Systems ODSS are an enterprise information system directly concerned with decision support Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 174

Supply and Value Chains and Decision Support Supply chain: (originally) flow of materials from sources to internal use Demand chain: flow from inside to customers Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 175

Supply Chain The flow of materials, information, and services from raw material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customers Includes the organizations and processes that create and deliver value to the end customers Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 176

Supply Chain Management (SCM) To deliver an effective supply chain and do it effectively To plan, organize, and coordinate the supply chain’s activities Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 177

Supply Chain Management (SCM) Benefits Reduction in uncertainty and risks in the supply chain Positively affect inventory levels cycle time processes customer service Increase profitability Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 178

Involves product life cycle activities Example (Figure 8.2)
Supply Chain Components Upstream Internal supply chain Downstream Involves product life cycle activities Example (Figure 8.2) Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 179

Supply Chain Related to the Value Chain Model (Porter) Value chain is a series of activities that includes Inbound logistics Warehousing & storage Production Finished inventory storage Outbound logistics Marketing & sales Customer service Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 180

The Value Chain of a Manufacturing Company Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 181

Supply Chain Problems Uncertainty in the demand forecast Uncertainty in delivery times Quality problems Poor customer service High inventory costs Low revenue Extra costs Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 182

Supply Chain Solutions to Problems Outsourcing Buy, not make Configure optimal shipping plans Optimize purchasing Strategic partnerships with suppliers Just-in-time delivery of purchases Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 183

Supply Chain Solutions to Problems Reduce intermediaries Reduce lead times/use EDI Use fewer suppliers Improve the supplier-buyer relationships Build-to-order Accurate demand by working with suppliers Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 184

Integrating the supply chain
Computerized System MRP ERP SCM Integrating the supply chain Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 185

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Objective integrate all departments and functions across an organization into a single computer system that can serve the entire enterprise’s needs Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 186

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Software Vendors SAP Baan PeopleSoft Oracle J.D. Edwards Computer Associates Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 187

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Very (VERY!) expensive 2nd generation: doing better Early 2000: moving to Web Will fail if an organization’s business processes do not fit the ERP system’s model Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 188

Application Service Providers and ERP Outsourcing ASP: software vendor who leases ERP-based applications Outsourcing Now via the Web Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 189

Corporate (Enterprise) Portals and EIS Integrates internal applications with external applications Generally via the Web Can include groupware technologies presentation and customization publishing and distribution search categorization integration Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 190

Frontline Decision Support Systems Process of automating decision processes and pushing them down into the organization and even partners Includes empowering employees Serves business managers such as line managers, sales executives and call center representatives Provides the right questions to ask the location of needed data metrics suggested actions Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 191

CHAPTER 9 Decision Support Systems Development Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 192

Decision Support System Development How to develop a DSS DSS must usually be custom tailored Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 193 193

Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Waterfall Need System Planning Analysis Design Implementation Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 194 194

Fundamental SDLC Phases Planning Analysis Design Implementation Steps and deliverables follow Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 195 195

Planning Why Build the System? Minor Step Deliverable Identify business value Analyze feasibility Develop work plan Staff project Control and direct project tools System request Feasibility study Work plan Staffing plan, Project charter Project management CASE tool Standards list Project binders / files Risk assessment Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 196 196

Analysis Who, What, When, Where? Minor Step Deliverable Analyze problem Gather information Model process(es) Model data Analysis plan Information Process model Data model Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 198 198

Design How Will the System Work? Minor Step Deliverable Design physical system Design architecture Design interface Design database and files Design program(s) Design plan Architecture design, Infrastructure design Interface design Data storage design Program design Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 200 200

Implementation System Delivery Minor Step Deliverable Construction Installation Test plan, Programs, Documentation Conversion plan, Training plan Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 202 202

Common Implementation Headaches DSS in Focus 9.4 No project team or management support Hazy purpose; no defined schedule; ballooning scope Unclear aspects of make vs. buy decisions Few project integrations are functional out of the box Qualitative benefits No user buy in Poor project management skills No accountability / no responsibility Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 203 203

CASE Tools Can help manage system development Upper CASE Assists in analysis Lower CASE Manages diagrams and code generation Integrated CASE Both Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 204 204

CASE Tools Oracle Enterprise Development Suite Rational Rose Paradigm Plus Visible Analyst Logic Works Suite AxiomSys and AxiomDsn V32 & X32 Visual Studio Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 205 205

Visible Analyst (Figure 9.2) Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 206 206

Project Management (PM) Team leader must have good PM skills Major reason for IS development failures- bad PM skills Only 26% of all projects surveyed (23,000) in 1998 succeeded 28% failed, 46% challenged Lower success rates for large companies Better PM skills needed Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 207 207

Skills for Project Managers Technology and business knowledge Judgment Negotiation Good communication Organization Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 208 208

Implementation Failures DW Example No user involvement No clear objectives stated early No real executive sponsorship More in DSS in Focus 9.5 Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 209 209

Alternative Development Methodologies Parallel development Rapid application development (RAD) methodologies Phased development Prototyping Throwaway prototyping Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 210 210

Parallel Development Multiple copies of analysis, design and implementation phases To develop separate subsystems All come together in a single implementation phase Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 211 211

Phased Development Break system up into versions developed sequentially Each version has more functionality Evolves into a final system Users gain functionality quickly But initial systems are incomplete Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 212 212

Prototyping Terms Iterative design Evolutionary development Middle-out process Adaptive design Incremental design Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 213 213

Prototyping for DSS Development Problems are semi-structured or unstructured Managers and developers may not completely understand problem Use prototyping Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 214 214

Prototyping Performing analysis, design, and implementation phases concurrently, and repeatedly Users see system functionality quickly and provide feedback Decision maker learns about problem But can lose gains in repetition Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 215 215

Prototyping (Figure 9.3) Need Prototype Planning Analysis Design Implementation System Prototype Not OK Prototype OK Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 216 216

Why Prototyping? Users and managers involved in every phase and iteration Learning is part of design Prototyping bypasses the information requirement definition (step 7) Short interval between iterations Initial prototype must be low cost Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 217 217

Advantages of Prototyping Short development time Short user reaction time Improved user understanding Low cost Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 218 218

Disadvantages of Prototyping Gains may be lost in Thorough understanding IS’s benefits and costs Detailed description of information needs Easy to maintain IS design Well-tested IS Well-prepared users Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 219 219

Throwaway Prototyping Like prototyping and SDLC Analysis phase is thorough Design prototypes assist in understanding the system Example: can use Excel, then Visual Basic (Figure 9.4) Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 220 220

Throwaway Prototyping (Figure 9.4) Need Design Prototype Planning Analysis Implementation Design Prototype Not OK Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 221 221

DSS Technology Levels and Tools Three Levels of DSS Technology Specific DSS [the application] DSS integrated tools (generators) [Excel] DSS primary tools [programming languages] Plus DSS integrated tools Now all with Web hooks and easy GUI interfaces Relationships among the three levels (Figure 9.5) Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 222 222

DSS Technology Levels (Figure 9.5)
Specific DSS DSS Tools (Languages,…) DSS Generators (Spreadsheets,…) Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 223 223

DSS Development Platforms General-purpose programming language Fourth-generation language (4GL) OLAP with a data warehouse or large database DSS integrated development tool (generator, engine) Domain-specific DSS generator Use the CASE methodology Integrate several of the above Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 224 224

Hardware Selection PCs Unix workstations Network of Unix workstations Web servers Mainframes Typically use existing hardware Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 225 225

Software Selection Complex because At start, information requirements, etc. are unknown Hundreds of packages Software updated rapidly Price changes Many people involved in decision Language capability problems Different tools might be needed Many criteria Technical, functional, end-user, and managerial issues Inaccurate published software reviews Might prefer a single vendor Maybe use the AHP!!! Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 226 226

Team-Developed DSS Substantial effort Extensive planning and organization Some generic activities Group of people to build and to manage it Size depends on Effort Tools Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 227 227

Team-Developed Versus User-Developed DSS DSS 1970s and early 1980s Large-scale, complex systems Primarily provided organizational support Team efforts Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 228 228

Organizational Placement of the DSS Development Group Information services (IS) department Highly placed executive staff group Finance or other functional area Industrial engineering department Management science group Information center group Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 229 229

End-user Computing and User-Developed DSS End-user Computing (end-user development): development and use of computer-based information systems by people outside the formal information systems areas End-users At any level of the organization In any functional area Levels of computer skill vary Growing Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 230 230

End-User-Developed Systems Personal computers Computer communication networks PC-mainframe communication Friendly development software Reduced cost of software and hardware Increased capabilities of personal computers Enterprise-wide computing Easy accessibility to data and models Client/server architecture Now OLAP Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 231 231

User-Developed DSS Advantages Short delivery time Eliminate extensive and formal user requirements specifications Reduce some DSS implementation problems Low cost Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 232 232

User-Developed DSS Risks Poor Quality Quality Risks Substandard or inappropriate tools and facilities Development process risks Data management risks Increased Security Risks Problems from Lack of Documentation and Maintenance Procedures Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 233 233

Issues in Reducing End-User Computing Risks Error detection Use of auditing techniques Determine the proper amount of controls Investigate the reasons for the errors Solutions Spreadsheet errors Should use same controls as normal IS Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 234 234

Developing DSS: Putting the System Together Development tools and generators Use of highly automated tools Use of prefabricated pieces Both increase the developer’s productivity Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 235 235

DSS Development System Includes Request (query) handler System analysis and design facility Dialog management system Report generator Graphics generator Source code manager Model base management system Knowledge-base (management) system Object-oriented tools Standard statistical and management science tools Special modeling tools Programming languages Document imaging tools Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 236 236

DSS Development System Components Some may be integrated into a DSS generator Others may be added as needed Components used to build a new DSS Core of system includes development language or DSS generator Construction by combining programming modules Windows environment handles the interface Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 237 237

DSS Research Directions and The DSS of the Future More AI Faster, more powerful computers The Web - interfaces and DB and model access More and better GSS ERM/ERP Knowledge management Better GUI Better telecommunications More research on theories More research on methods Decision Support System by Simulation Model (Ajarn Chat Chuchuen) 238 238

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Decision Support System 1 1.

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