1. CONCLUSION A Look Back and a Look Forward

2. Michelangelo Buonarroti,
Last Judgment, Sistine Chapel,

4. Charon
Minos
River Styx

6. SACRED IMAGE vs. WORK OF ART

8. (Greek EIKŌN, Latin IMAGO)
IMAGE
(Greek EIKŌN, Latin IMAGO)

9. God created man in his own image.
(Genesis 1:27)

10. Giotto di Bondone, The Stigmatization of Saint Francis, ca. 1300

11. Scene of icon veneration,
Hamilton Psalter, ca. 1300

12. Second Commandment
(Exodus 20:4-5)
You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them or serve them.

13. Khludov Psalter,
mid-9th century

14. Rogier van der Weyden, St. Luke Drawing the Virgin and Child,ca

15. Icon of the Virgin and Child attributed to
St. Luke, church of Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, 6th century (?) with later repainting

16. Hans Memling, St. Veronica displaying the Veronica,

18. Display of the Veronica at St
Display of the Veronica at St. Peter’s, woodcut illustration from the Mirabilia Romae (“Marvels of Rome”), ca. 1475

20. Benedetto da Maiano, Monument to Giotto di Bondone, Florence Cathedral, 1490

21. Micromosaic icon of Christ, 12th century

23. I have done a good Veronica in oil, worth twelve guilders
I have done a good Veronica in oil, worth twelve guilders. I gave it to Francisco, the agent in Portugal. I then painted another Veronica in oil, better than the first, and gave it to the agent Brandan in Portugal.
Albrecht Dürer’s Diary,
January 1, 1521

24. Albrecht Dürer,
Self-Portrait, 1500

26. Lucas Cranach the Elder,
Martin Luther, 1529

27. Destruction of religious images in the city of Bern, Switzerland,
illustration from a copy of Heinrich Bullinger’s History of the Reformation,

28. Council of Trent ( )