2. Atoms made Elements. Elements make molecules

3. Molecules are: Groups of elements held by chemical bonds (compounds)

4. Atoms made Elements. Elements make molecules Molecules make Cells Cells make tissue Tissues make Organs Organs make up Organ systems Organ systems make up an Organism

6. What are the most common elements in LIVING THINGS?
C,H,N,O,P,S
They make cells
Basis of organic chemistry

7. What are the most common molecules in LIVING THINGS?
Protein
Lipid
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids

8. Proteins Molecules made of amino acids
Build and repair body structures
Create enzymes

10. Lipids “fat” molecules Store energy (oils, waxes, fats)
A PHOSPHOLIPID: a molecule of
phosphorous and lipid which is the main
building block for cell membranes

11. Carbohydrates
Sugars, starches, fibers
Energy storage and release

12. Nucleic Acids Cell’s genetic information is stored within
Made of nucleotides
DNA is a common type

13. DNA

14. Atoms and elements can make up cells

15. Cells: the smallest basic units that can preform all life processes
Cells are made of atoms
They make everything an organism needs for survival

16. CELL THEORY

17. Phagocytosis cytoplasm engulfs large particles

18. 2 types: Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes Multicelluar vs Unicelluar

19. Prokaryote: a single celled organism
Prokaryote: a single celled organism. Does not have a nucleus or organelles (ex./ bacteria & archea)

20. Eukaryote: an organism made of cells which have a nucleus and organelles (ex:/ animals, plants, fungi, protists)

21. ORGANISM
A living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently

22. CELL THEORY 1665: first cells observed recorded . Named “cells”
1673: Van Leeuwenhoek observed single celled organism in pond water, and observed cells in blood using a microscope
1839: Schwann and Schleiden observed plants and animals made of cells. Proposed all living things are made of cells
1858: Rudolph Virchow observed cell division and proposed all cells come from other cells and cell processes.

23. Cells are small Transportation of materials is easy when
you have a large surface to volume ratio

26. Cell Membrane
Phospholipid layer that covers the cell’s surface Provides protection for the cell Allows the active and passive transport of materials in and out Outerlayer; Acts as a barrier between the inside and outside of a cell Semi-permeable

27. Cytoplasm
The area inside the cell, including the (watery-medium) fluid located inside the membrane around the organelles

28. NUCLEUS The center of an atom: containing protons and neutrons
The membrane-bound organelle in a cell which contains the genetic material (DNA). It has a role in such processes as growth, reproduction and metabolism.

29. Ribosomes Follows DNA as a code Uses amino acids Synthesizes Proteins
(found in eukaryotes and
Prokaryotes)

30. Eukaryotic cells are bigger and more complex

31. Golgi Complex receives protein/lipids sorts, packages, and ships them inside and out of the cell

32. Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth- no ribosomes, makes lipids, breaks down toxins Rough- ribosomes (synthesize protein)

33. Mitochondria double membrane organelle with matrix releases energy stored in food CELLULAR RESPIRATION

35. Lysosomes digests cell waste

36. Cytoskeleton fibers/filaments help support cell help movement of cell

38. Cell Walls

39. Large Centriole Vacuole
Large in plants, small in animals Lots of water, supports the cell

40. Chloroplasts
Contain chlorophyll (photosynthesis: using the Sun’s energy to create energy As glucose sugar)

41. Compare/ contrast
Animal vs plant
Eukaryote vs Prokaryote

42. Nucleolus: synthesizes ribosomes

43. Cells make Tissues Cells are specialized
Groups of specialized cells work together as a tissue:
Epithelial- protective tissue (Integumentary)
Connective- hold other tissues together, can expand and contract
Muscle- muscles and bones. Helps protect organs. Allows movement and structure of body
nerve tissue- spine, brain and central nervous system

44. Tissues make up Organs

45. Organs make up Organ Systems
Circulatory system
Digestive system
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Excretory system
Reproductive system

46. Organ Systems make up an organism