1. Rhetorical Transaction
Exigence
Rhetorical Situation
Audience
Purpose
Logos
Appeals
Ethos
Pathos
Organization/Structure/Form
Diction
Imagery
Syntax
Figurative Language
Surface Features

2. Rhetorical Modes: Patterns of Development
8 major patterns
Narration
Description
Process Analysis
Exemplification
Comparison & Contrast
Classification & Division
Definition
Causal Analysis
Author’s Purpose
Organize individual paragraphs or sections
Organize entire text

3. Narration Tells story; recounts events; personal
Chronological (detail, pov, dialogue)
Craft story to support thesis
Often used as a way to enter topics
Draws a reader in

4. Description Paints a picture with senses; details
Establishes mood/atmosphere
Empathy; connection to text

5. Process Analysis Explains how something works Clear and logical
Proper transitions
Concise verbs

6. Exemplification/Illustration
Provides a series of examples
“Let me give you an example…”
Aristotle = Induction = series of examples lead to general conclusion

7. Comparison & Contrast Analyze information Similarities & differences
Subject by subject
Point by point

8. Classification & Division
What goes together & why
Categories….to help readers see relationships between seemingly unrelated things

9. Definition
Established common ground
Identifies areas of conflict

10. Causal Analysis Cause leads to an effect
Effect that results from a cause
Needs logic
“Why” in the title

11. Rhetorical Transaction
Exigence
Rhetorical Situation
Audience
Purpose
Logos
Appeals
Ethos
Pathos
Organization/Structure/Form
Diction
Imagery
Syntax
Figurative Language
Surface Features

12. Tone
Definition:
a literary technique which encompasses the attitudes toward the subject and toward the audience implied in a literary work
Examples:
formal, informal, intimate, solemn, somber, playful, serious, ironic, guilty, sarcastic, condescending…

13. “Shooting an Elephant” George Orwell
Read and annotate the story
Identify any Patterns of Development as well as elements of the Rhetorical Transaction within the text.