1. PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Agnes Yard and Michael Yard
C h a p t e r 25
The Digestive System
PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Agnes Yard and Michael Yard
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

2. The region of the stomach superior to the gastroesophageal junction is known as which of the following?
a. cardia
b. fundus
c. body
d. pylorus
Answer: B

3. Which of the following is the first portion of the large intestine?
a. transverse colon
b. sigmoid colon
c. cecum
d. descending colon
Answer: C

4. Any object placed in the mouth can trigger a salivary reflex by stimulating receptors monitored by the trigeminal nerve or by stimulating taste buds innervated by which of the following cranial nerves?
a. N VII, N IX, or N X
b. N IX, N X, or N XI
c. N VII, N VIII, or N IX
d. N VI, N VII, or N X
Answer: A

5. How many portal areas (hepatic triads) exist at an hexagonal liver lobule?
a. two
b. four
c. six
d. eight
Answer: C

6. In the stomach, rugae are prominent longitudinal folds of which layer?
a. submucosa
b. serosa
c. mucosa
d. muscularis externa
Answer: C

7. The large intestine receives blood from tributaries of which vessel(s)?
a. superior colonic artery
b. superior and inferior mesenteric arteries
c. abdominal aorta
d. celiac trunk
Answer: B

8. Which layer(s) of the esophagus form(s) large folds, which run the length of the esophagus?
a. submucosa and muscularis externa
b. muscularis externa and adventitia
c. mucosa and submucosa
d. adventitia only
Answer: C

9. On the outer surfaces of the colon, three separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle are known as which of the following?
a. omental appendices
b. plicae circulares
c. haustra
d. taeniae coli
Answer: D

10. Which of the following is/are not a type of pancreatic enzymes?
a. peptidases
b. ketonases
c. lipases
d. carbohydrases
Answer: B

11. The bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occurs in which portion of the small intestine?
a. duodenum
b. jejunum
c. ileum
d. a and b
Answer: B

12. Venous blood from the esophageal capillaries collects into which of the following?
a. esophageal veins
b. inferior thyroid and azygous veins
c. gastric vein
d. all of the above
Answer: D

13. The process of ________ is defined by contractions of most areas of the small intestine and some regions of the large intestine, whereby these movements churn and fragment the digestive materials, while moving the materials in ________ direction.
a. segmentation, a forward
b. segmentation, no particular
c. peristalsis, a forward
d. peristalsis, no particular
Answer: B

14. Which gastric secretory cells work together to secrete about 1,500 ml of gastric juice each day?
a. G-cells and enteroendocrine cells
b. chief cells and enteroendocrine cells
c. enteroendocrine cells and parietal cells
d. parietal cells and chief cells
Answer: D

15. The mucosa of the small intestine forms a series of fingerlike projections known as which of the following?
a. intestinal crypts
b. intestinal villi
c. plicae circulares
d. taeniae coli
Answer: B

16. Which term refers to the outer surface of the dental arcade, adjacent to the lips or teeth?
a. occlusal
b. labial, or buccal
c. palatal, or lingual
d. mesial, or distal
Answer: B

17. Which of the following represents the “central clearing-house(s)” for metabolic regulation?
a. pancreas
b. salivary glands
c. liver
d. gallbladder
Answer: C

18. The esophagus contacts the medial surface of the stomach at which region?
a. cardia
b. fundus
c. body
d. pylorus
Answer: A

19. Regarding the liver, the fibrous band that marks the path of the degenerated fetal umbilical vein is known as which of the following?
a. round ligament
b. coronary ligament
c. quadrate ligament
d. hepatoportal ligament
Answer: A

20. The esophagus begins at the level of the cricoid cartilage anterior to vertebra ________ and ends anterior to vertebra ________.
a. C4, T5
b. C6, T7
c. C4, T7
d. C6, T10
Answer: B

21. In which segment of the small intestine are submucosal glands most abundant?
a. proximal duodenum
b. proximal jejunum
c. distal duodenum
d. distal ileum
Answer: A

22. Which phase of the swallowing process begins as the bolus comes in contact with the palatal arches, the posterior pharyngeal wall, or both?
a. pharyngeal phase
b. hiatal phase
c. esophageal phase
d. palatal phase
Answer: A

23. Which of the following cells produce secretin and cholecystokinin hormones that coordinate the secretory activities of the stomach, duodenum, liver, and pancreas?
a. duodenal enteroendocrine cells
b. Peyer’s patches of ileum
c. goblet cells of jejunum
d. duodenal papillary cells
Answer: A

24. The intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles are under control of which cranial nerve(s)?
a. facial nerve (N VII)
b. glossopharyngeal nerve (N IX)
c. hypoglossal nerve (N XII)
d. b and c
Answer: C

25. Which of the following is not an age-related change in the digestive system?
a. smooth muscle tone decreases
b. epithelial stem cell division increases
c. cancer rates increase
d. none of the above
Answer: B

26. The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, vitamins, and water across the digestive epithelium and into the interstitial fluid of the digestive tract is known as which of the following processes?
a. secretion
b. excretion
c. absorption
d. digestion
Answer: C