1. 1B4 Human Reproduction

2. The female reproductive system
The ovaries
produce the female gamete (egg)
produce the hormone oestrogen.

3. The male reproductive system
The testes
produces the male gamete (sperm)
produces the hormone testosterone.
Penis
Sperm duct
Testes
urethra
Seminal vesicle

4. The Human Reproductive system
This is usually an awkward section for students because it is very close to home! It is important to present the facts but have a sense of humour when the nervous giggles erupt. With this opening slide I would hope it would let them laugh and relax.
As an introduction, a clip (first 3 min only) from the ‘science unleashed’ video on ‘Human Reproduction, could be played.
It is hyperlinked to the baby image on slide.
Brain storm, using the board, what the students know already about the topic.
Then give a run down on what will be covered in this section;
male and female reproductive systems
menstrual cycle
fertilization and pregnancy
contraception

5. Sperm cell =25mm The Testes start to make sperm at Puberty
1/40 th of a millimetre!!!!!
The Testes start to make sperm at Puberty
Explain that the sperm is the male sex cell or Gamete and contains half the information needed for a new human being.
Give a minute for the students to draw this diagram into their copies.
Sperm and Seminal Fluid together is called Semen

6. Growth & Puberty
Puberty is the time during which the sex hormones are produced.
In boys, the voice deepens and body hair grows
In girls ovulation starts and breasts develop.

7. The menstrual cycle 28 day cycle in the female
link to animation
28 day cycle in the female
Controlled by chemicals called hormones
An egg is produced, and the womb develops a thick lining of blood vessels to be prepared for pregnancy
If the egg is not fertilised, the lining leaves the womb – menstruation – and the cycle begins again

8. Stages in the menstrual cycle
28 day cycle
Approx. days
1 - 5
Menstruation – loss of uterus lining
5 - 13
Repair of uterus lining 14
Ovulation - Release of egg from ovary
Uterus lining remains built up

9. Release of womb lining and blood.
Fertile period
This is the time in the menstrual cycle that a woman can become pregnant.
Ovulation
The release of an egg from the ovary.
Menstruation
Release of womb lining and blood.

10. link to ‘how stuff works’ animation
Sexual intercourse
The natural process of transferring the sperm from the body of a male to the body of a female
link to ‘how stuff works’ animation

11. Implantation The embedding of the embryo in the womb wall

12. Fertilisation
Occurs when a male gamete (sperm) fuses with the female gamete (egg) to form a zygote
Also referred to as conception
Sperm + egg = zygote

13. Fertilisation
Fertilisation usually happens in the oviduct / fallopian tube
A fertilised egg – zygote - may then move down into the wall of the uterus / womb

14. Pregnancy Changes that occur in a woman's body after fertilisation:
The menstrual cycle stops
The embryo implants in the womb
The placenta develops
link to animation

15. Pregnancy The zygote develops into a foetus.
The baby forms over 40 weeks.
It develops inside a protective sac of amniotic fluid.
Food and oxygen pass from mother to baby through the placenta and umbilical cord.
Carbon dioxide and other wastes pass from baby to mother to be excreted.

16. Birth The changes that occur during birth:
Link to birth animation
The changes that occur during birth:
The sac of protective fluid breaks open
The muscles of the uterus / womb contract very strongly to push the baby out
After the baby is born, the placenta is also pushed out of the womb
The umbilical cord between baby and placenta is cut
Links to an animation – may be slow to load…

17. Contraception Main methods of preventing conception:
Chemical - prevention of gamete formation e.g. the Pill
Physical barrier – preventing the gametes from meeting e.g. condom
Timing – avoiding sexual intercourse during the fertile period of the menstrual cycle

18. Find the answers:
Why are human babies born so “helpless” compared to some animal babies?
Why are human babies’ heads so big in comparison to their bodies?
What are conjoined twins and how do they occur?
What is foetal alcohol syndrome ?

19. 1B4 Human Reproduction