1. The Duel for North America

2. The Duel for North America
The competitors
England, France, Spain
The victims
Native Americas

3. French Canada Frances arrive late
Edict of Nantes- gives limited toleration to French Protestants.

4. French Canada 1608- Quebec Located near tip of St. Lawrence River
Leader= Samuel de Champlain
Nickname= Father of New France

5. French Canada Befriends Huron tribe
Assists them against Iroquois nation
French constantly take Iroquois land ( Ohio River Valley
Iroquois forced to befriend English.

6. French Canada Government is autocratic, king quickly take control
Population growth is small

7. New France and Beavers Beaver is money Fur is hot fashion
Coureurs de bois (runners of the woods) drinkers, free spenders, livers and lovers

8. New France and Beavers Recruit natives for help
Natives in the trade- disease and alcohol problems
Overkill of beaver violated many religious beliefs

9. New France and Beavers
Follow the beaver inland
Decimate populations

10. New France Religion
Catholics, Jesuits- want to save natives from fur trappers and introduce them to Christ

11. New France the Empire
To stop English in Ohio Valley, built Detroit. (Antoine Cadillac)
To stop Spanish in Gulf of Mex- de La Salle- Establish Louisiana
New Orleans 1718

12. Let the Battle Begin King Williams War (1689-1697)
Queen Anne’s War ( )
British colonists vs. French Trappers
Natives are used whenever necessary
Guerilla Warfare
Neither country sends large armies
Spanish eventually joins the French
Treaty of Utrecht 1713

13. Let the Battle Begin
Britain gets Nova Scotia (French Speaking area), New Foundland, and Hudson Bay
Generation of “peace” aka period of Salutary neglect begins

14. War of Jenkins’s Ear Caribbean sea and Georgia Spain vs. Brits
Small scale war merges into War of Austrian Succession (European Name)

15. King George’s War France allies with Spain
NE glanders take strong fort of Louisburg
1748- peace treaty gave Louisburg back to the French
NE is outraged

16. The Ohio Country British keep moving west
France needs it to maintain connection to ports in LA
Rivalry will bring war

17. George Washington FFV’s establish shaky legal rights to Ohio Area
But French are making ports (Fort Duquesne)
GW sent to secure land
Finds the fort, and attacks it.

18. George Washington
French send reinforcements- take back fort, send GW home
British, fearful of danger spreading, force Acadians (New Foundland) out of area
Some go as far as LA-Cajuns

19. French Indian War (7 years War)
1st time conflict starts in North America
War is truly first world war
Brits and Prussia vs Frn, SPN, Austria, and RUS
Germany- Frederick the Great, against all odds stops French invasion

20. Albany Congress Prior wars no colonial unity
Bought off Iroquois Confederation with 30 wagons of guns and gifts
Basically wanted home rule
Colonists didn’t like it, not enough independence, Brits said too much

21. French Indian War LDR= Edward Braddock
British Regulars hate buckskins (colonial militiamen)
Had to beg to get supplies from colonists
Much smaller French army and Natives embarrass Braddock before he can reach Duquesne

22. French Indian War Natives go on war path after easy victory
1756- Brits launch full scale attack, but attack all posts at once rather than focusing on Montreal and Quebec.
Still embarrassing defeats

23. French Indian War New LDR =William Pitt “Great Commoner”
Hires young generals
Attacks major forts only
1758- wins at Louisburg- first Brit. Victory

24. Battle of Quebec 1759 Led by John Wolfe
British victory signals the end of France in north America

25. Treaty of Paris 1763 Majority of French lands now Englands
French keep some small island in West Indies, and two ports of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
French give Spain Mississippian Territory
Spain gives Florida to Brits in exchange for Cuba

27. Impact of FIW Colonists military confidence is boosted
British army not seen as untouchable
Brits won’t allow colonists to achieve rank above captain
Brits consider colonists scum of England, not worthy partners
Brits are sickened by colonial smuggling
Many colonists refused to join until given proper compensation by William Pitt

28. The New American Front French threat gone Spanish threat is minimal
Prior to war, colonists had to stay under Mother England’s skirt, with threats gone, colonists don’t need mother any more.

29. What about the Natives? Creeks, Iroquois numbers are down
Natives lost best weapon against Europeans.
Pontiacs uprising- campaign aimed at getting the Brits out of Ohio Region

30. What about the Natives 1st use of biological warfare in the US
Stalemate, neither really can conquer the other
Event shows the British need to figure out the native problem

31. Royal Proclamation of 1763 No settlement beyond Appalachian mountains
Meant to keep peace between groups
Colonist’s view point- have we not shed enough blood to earn the land?