1. Personality
Unit 4

2. I. Definitions
A. Webster
The state or quality of being a person

3. Definitions B. Behavioral
Sum of a person’s behaviors/reactions to the environment

4. Definitions
C. Trait
How one uses their unique pattern of traits

5. Definitions D. Humanist
Emphasis of integrating experiences to gain insight and direction/expressions from within the person

6. Definitions E. Psychodynamic
Emphasis on unconscious motivations/drives etc that shape personality

7. Definitions F. Covert verses Overt Behavior Covert Overt
Internal, private, not directly observable
Overt
External, more or less observable

8. II. 4 Major Theoretical Approaches
A. Psychodynamic
Freud
B. Behavioral
Skinner
C. Phenomenological / Humanistic
Maslow, Rogers
D. Dispositional/Trait
Sheldon, Cattell, Eysenck etc

9. Other Approaches
E. Hierarchal
James
F. Social, Eclectic and more….

10. III. History of Personality
Spiritual
Intervention of gods and demonic agents
Disorders were seen as punishments from gods for sins
Demons were often involved
Cures
Trephining
Purging
Exorcisms
Bloodletting etc.

11. IV. Greek Philosophers A. Socrates
Man’s true concern should be for one’s soul, not one’s body
Big on self-awareness

12. Greek Philosophers B. Aristotle
There is an interaction between the organism and the environment
(tabula rasa??)

13. Greek Philosophers C. Hippocrates “Father of Medicine”
First to propose radical organic theory of personality
Identified four personality types based on bodily humors

14. Hippocrates Sanguine (blood) Melancholic (black bile)
Happy, elevated mood little hyper, cheerful, motivated
Melancholic (black bile)
Lethargic tired low motivation, low energy
Choleric (yellow bile)
Temper tantrums, cranky, anxious, tense, irritable

15. Hippocrates 4. Phlegmatic (phlegm)
Extremely calm, cold detached, under-reactive

16. A few outdated ailments
Paranoia
only women suffer from this hysteria
Problem
Womb traveling in body in search of a baby
Cure
Get married and have a baby

17. A few outdated ailments
Mania
Problem - Hyper
Cure – Bloodletting
Melancholia
Problem – low energy, depression
Cure – laxative/purging etc

18. Greek Philosophers D. Plato Father of psychodynamic thought
First to propose a conflict theory of personality
He believed in “Three Theories of Soul”

19. Plato He believed in “Three Theories of Soul” Appetitive Rational
Irrational, undiscriminating desires and wants
Wild beast within us that peers out as we sleep
Rational
Very logical, thinking oriented, planned etc
Spirit
Guilt and morals

20. Plato
Three pulling forces in conflict with each other