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Communication: Principles for a Lifetime Portable Edition
Steven A. Beebe, Susan J. Beebe, and Diana K. Ivy Prepared by: James R. Smith State University of New York—New Paltz This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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VOLUME 2: INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
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Understanding Interpersonal Communication
CHAPTER 2.1 Understanding Interpersonal Communication Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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FIVE PRINCIPLES Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Interpersonal communication—is communication that occurs with another person in an attempt to mutually influence each other, usually for the purpose of managing relationships. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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WHAT IS INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION?
Interpersonal involves quality. Impersonal communication treats people as objects. Interpersonal involves mutual influence. Interpersonal helps manage relationships. A relationship is an ongoing connection made with another person. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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INITIATE & MAINTAIN RELATIONSHIPS
Interpersonal communication serves to… INITIATE RELATIONSHIPS MAINTAIN RELATIONSHIPS Relationships are ongoing connections made with another person. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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RELATIONSHIP TYPES RELATIONSHIP OF CIRCUMSTANCE Relationship that forms situationally, one life overlaps another in some way. RELATIONSHIP OF CHOICE Relationship that is sought out and intentionally developed. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION
A good place to start exploring the process of initiating relationships is via examining the nature of attraction. Attraction is a motivational state causing someone to think, feel, and usually behave in a positive manner toward another person. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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ELEMENTS OF ATTRACTION
SHORT-TERM ATTRACTION LONG-TERM ATTRACTION SIMILARITY PHYSICAL ATTRACTION SEXUAL ATTRACTION PROXIMITY COMPLEMENTARITY Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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MATCHING HYPOTHESIS The matching hypothesis is a tendency to seek out individuals who represent the same level of physical attractiveness as oneself. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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INTERPERSONAL NEEDS MOTIVATE RELATIONSHIPS
Social psychologist Will Schutz identified three interpersonal needs motivating us to form and maintain relationships. Inclusion Control Affection Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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COMMUNICATING ATTRACTION
We use both indirect and direct strategies to communicate our liking via verbal and nonverbal cues. Immediacy refers to feelings of liking, pleasure, and closeness communicated by such nonverbal cues as eye contact, touch, and open body orientation. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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THAT FIRST CONVERSATION
Online and face-to-face (FtF) encounters are different. Some practical suggestions Reduce uncertainty Find something you have in common Ask great questions Give/receive compliments Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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REDUCING UNCERTAINTY Passive strategy involves observing others and situations to reduce uncertainty. Active strategy involves acquiring information from a third party. Interactive strategy involves communicating directly to the source who has greatest potential to reduce uncertainty. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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TALK ABOUT YOURSELF TOO MUCH?
Conversational narcissism is a style of communication that emerges from the view that you are the center of the universe. Self-absorbed style is a dominating communication style in which one focuses attention on the self. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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POSITIVE ACTIONS Practice the art and skill of asking great questions. Practice the art and skill of giving and receiving compliments. Giving compliments is tricky. Some attempts at flattery can be taken the wrong way. Consider male/female relations in the workplace. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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MAINTAINING RELATIONSHIPS
Many interpersonal communication forms are necessary to maintain successful relationships. Self-disclosure and expressing emotions are particularly important. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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MAINTAINING SELF-DISCLOSURE
Self-Disclosure is the process of voluntarily providing information to others that they would not learn if you didn’t tell them. Appropriateness aspect of self-disclosure regarding the propriety of information. Reciprocity is sharing information about oneself with the expectation that the other person will also share information similar in risk or depth. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
EXPRESSING EMOTIONS Expressing emotions is another powerful way we reveal ourselves to deepen relationships. As relationships become more intimate, expectations that a partner will openly disclose emotions increase. Emotional expression varies by culture. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
STUDY HINTS Read Chapter Summary and Recaps Know terms in boldface and definitions Review communication elements in initiating and maintaining relationships Study elements of interpersonal attraction and uncertainty reduction. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009
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