1. RAYAT SHIKSHAN SANTHA’S KANYA VIDYALAYA DEHU

2. Ppt on : Control & coordination
By Sucheta Khindkar

3. EVOLUTION OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

4. FROM BRAIN STEM TO CEREBRUM

5. FUNCTIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
To receive
Information from a
sensory neuron.
To process
info. by the
brain and spinal cord.
To respond by the
effectors
{muscle/glands} t
To receive information

6. Acupuncture:Stimulation of nerve centers

7. Functions of nervous system
Sensory input : Gathering information.
To monitor changes occuring inside and outside the body.
Integration:
To process and interpret sensory input & decide if action is needed.
3.Monitor output:
A response to integrated stimuli.
The response activates muscles or glands.

8. Structural classification of nervous system
Central Nervous System {CNS}
Brain
Spinal cord
2. Peripheral Nervous System{PNS}
Nerve outside the brain and spinal cord

9. Nervous Tissue: Support Cells (Neuroglia or Glia)
Astrocytes
Abundant, star-shaped cells
Brace neurons
Form barrier between capillaries and neurons
Control the chemical environment of the brain (CNS)

10. The basic unit of the nervous system = neuron?
Dendrites receive stimuli
Nerve cell body
@ nucleus transmits the stimuli
Axon transmits the impulse to another dendrite

11. Neuron

12. Nervous Tissue: Neurons
Neurons = nerve cells
Cells specialized to transmit messages
Major regions of neurons
Cell body – nucleus and metabolic center of the cell
Processes – fibers that extend from the cell body (dendrites and axons)
Slide 7.8
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

13. Axon Ending : Terminal Bud
Transfers the electrical nerve impulse
By chemical neuron-transmitters
From one neuron to the next

14. Two connecting Neurons

15. Nervous Tissue: Support Cells
Microglia (CNS)
Spider-like phagocytes
Dispose of debris
Ependymal cells (CNS)
Line cavities of the brain and spinal cord
Circulate cerebrospinal fluid
Figure 7.3b, c
Slide 7.6
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

16. Support Cells of the PNS
Satellite cells
Protect neuron cell bodies
Schwann cells
Form myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system
Figure 7.3e
Slide 7.7b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

17. Application In Multiple Scleroses the myelin sheath is destroyed.
The myelin sheath hardens to a tissue called the scleroses.
This is considered an autoimmune disease.
Why does MS appear to affect the muscles?

18. Neuron Classification
Figure 7.6
Slide 7.15
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

19. aSensory neurons or“receptors” receive a stimulus from:
eyes - sight
ears - hearing
nose - smell
skin - touch
mouth - taste

20. The central Nervous System {CNS}
Spinal cord
Brain
Medulla for
Breathing.
Cerebellum for
Balance
Cerebrum for
Higher thinking

21. 2c. Effectors that do actions are the
Muscles =
voluntary use the somatic system
involuntary use autonomic
system
Glands =
endocrine organs
that make hormone messengers

22. Cerebral Cortex= higher thinking

23. Parts of the Cerebrum

24. Cerebellum & “old brain” controls basic body functions

25. Right versus left Cerebrum

26. Infrared Tools to Study the brain . . . .

27. Schizophrenia & a normal brain scan

28. Any blow to the head does brain damage Example of amnesia & processing skills

29. D. What is a synapse ?
Junction of two neurons
Neurotransmitters convert the electrical impulse into a chemical message

30. E. The 2 types of nervous responses?
a. Voluntary that use
the brain &
spinal cord
b. Involuntary or
Autonomic System
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

31. The involuntary system: Autonomic basic body functions & reflex arcs

32. The Autonomic Nervous System

33. REVIEW: The Autonomic Nervous System...
Automatic
Two parts:
parasympathetic &
sympathetic
Which is “fight or flight response” ?
Which is ordinary involuntary body functions ?

34. E2. Involuntary Reflex Arcs . . . .
Use only spinal cord
Do not go to the brain
Follow the R-SIM pathway
Examples:
knee jerk, eye blink,
hot stove pull back

35. R-SIM Reflex arc pathway . . .
receptor neuron receives the stimuli S
sensory neuron passes the impulse on I
interneuron at the spinal cord processes M
motor neuron acts

36. Is Pain part of the Reflex Arc ???

37. The five types of receptors
Are highly specialized
Receive only one type of stimuli
Can be “overloaded” when over stimulated

39. Sensory Laboratory. . . . . . . . . PURPOSE:
Map the distance between touch receptors
Measure the extent of peripheral vision
Determine the effects of cone saturation
Map the taste receptors
Measure reflex timing

41. Map of Taste Receptors . . . . B w

42. THANK YOU FOR WATCHING THE PPT