1. Unit 8B: Motivation and Emotion: Emotions, Stress and Health

2. Unit Overview Theories of Emotion Embodied Emotion Expressed Emotion
Experienced Emotion
Stress and Health
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.

3. Theories of Emotion

4. Theories of emotions Emotion Common sense theory Physiological arousal
Expressive behavior
Conscious experience
Common sense theory

5. Theories of emotions
James-Lange theory

6. Theories of emotions
James-Lange theory

7. Theories of emotions
James-Lange theory

8. Theories of emotions
Cannon-Bard theory

9. Theories of emotions
Cannon-Bard theory

10. Theories of emotions
Two-factor theory
Schachter-Singer

11. Theories of emotions
Two-factor theory
Schachter-Singer

12. Theories of emotions
Two-factor theory
Schachter-Singer

13. Theories of emotions

14. Embodied Emotion

15. Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic nervous system
arousing
Parasympathetic nervous system
Calming
Moderate arousal is ideal

16. Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System

17. Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System

18. Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System

19. Physiological Similarities Among Specific Emotions
Different movie experiment

20. Physiological Differences Among Specific Emotions
Differences in brain activity
Amygdala
Frontal lobes
Nucleus accumbens
Polygraph

21. Cognition and Emotion Cognition Can Define Emotion
Spill over effect
Schachter-Singer experiment
Arousal fuels emotions, cognition channels it

22. Cognition and Emotion Cognition Does Not Always Precede Emotion
Influence of the amygdala

23. Expressed Emotion

24. Detecting Emotion
Nonverbal cues
Duchenne smile

25. Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior

26. Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior

27. Culture and Emotional Expression

28. Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion

29. Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion

30. Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion

31. Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion

32. The Effects of Facial Expressions
Facial feedback

33. Experienced Emotion

34. Fear
Adaptive value of fear
The biology of fear
amygdala

35. Anger Anger Evoked by events Catharsis
Expressing anger can increase anger

36. Happiness
Happiness
Feel-good, do-good phenomenon
Well-being

37. Happiness The Short Life of Emotional Ups and Downs
Watson’s studies

38. Happiness Wealth and Well-Being

39. Happiness Wealth and Well-Being

40. Happiness Two Psychological Phenomena: Adaptation and Comparison
Happiness and Prior Experience
Adaptation-level phenomenon
Happiness and others’ attainments
Relative deprivation

41. Happiness Predictors of Happiness

42. Cartharsis hypothesis. Relative deprivation principle.
Which of the following suggests that the experience of emotion results from an awareness of our own physiological responses to an emotion-arousing event?
Cannon-Bard theory.
James-Lange theory.
Cartharsis hypothesis.
Relative deprivation principle.
Adaptation-level principle

43. adaptation-level phenomenon. the James-Lange theory.
The suggestion that we share a friend's feelings of joy if we smile with him or her best illustrates the logic of
the Canon-Bard theory.
adaptation-level phenomenon.
the James-Lange theory.
the Carthasis hypothesis.
the relative deprivation theory.

44. Parasympathetic nervous system. amygdala
According to the Cannon-Bard theory, the body's arousal is related to the sympathetic nervous system in the same way that subjective awareness of emotion is related to the
cortex
hypothalamus
thalamus
Parasympathetic nervous system.
amygdala

45. acetylcholine epinephrine testosterone insulin dopamine
A hormone that increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels in times of emergency is
acetylcholine
epinephrine
testosterone
insulin
dopamine

46. Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system
accelerates heart rate and slows digestion.
slows heart rate & accelerates digestion.
slows heart rate and slows digestion.
accelerates heart rate & accelerates digestion.
accelerates perspiration & accelerates respiration.

47. In an experiment to test the spillover effect, college men were injected with epinephrine prior to spending time with an experimenter's accomplice who acted either euphoric or irritated. Which individuals in this experiment were LEAST likely to experience the emotion demonstrated by the experimenter's accomplice?
those who were led to think the injection would produce no physiological arousa
those who were promised a large sum of money for participating in the experiment
those who were told that the injection would cause them to become physiologically aroused
those who were asked to run in place after receiving the injection
those who were actually injected with a placebo drug rather than epinephrine

48. The eyebrows raised and pulled together most clearly signal
fear.
anger.
disgust.
happiness.
surprise.

49. Stress and Health

50. Introduction
Health psychology
Behavioral medicine

51. Stress and Illness
Stress
Stress appraisal

52. Stress and Illness The Stress Response System
Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Alarm
Resistance
exhaustion

53. Stress and Illness General Adaptation Syndrome

54. Stress and Illness General Adaptation Syndrome

55. Stress and Illness General Adaptation Syndrome

56. Stress and Illness General Adaptation Syndrome

57. Stress and Illness Stressful Life Events
Catastrophes
Significant life changes
Daily hassles

58. Stress and the Heart Coronary heart disease Type A versus Type B

59. Stress and Susceptibility to Disease
Psychophysiological illnesses
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
Lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Stress and AIDS
Stress and Cancer

60. The End

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Germantown, WI 53022

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66. Definition Slide
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67. Definition Slides

68. Emotion
= a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.

69. James-Lange Theory
= the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.

70. Cannon-Bard Theory
= the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.

71. Two-factor Theory
= the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal.

72. Polygraph
= a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measure several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes).

73. Facial Feedback
= the effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happiness.

74. Catharsis
= emotional release. The catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing’ aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

75. Feel-Good Do-Good Phenomenon
= people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood.

76. Well-being
= self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life.

77. Adaptation-level Phenomenon
= our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience.

78. Relative Deprivation
= the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves.

79. Behavioral Medicine
= an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavior and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease..

80. Health Psychology
= a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine.

81. Stress
= the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging.

82. General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
= Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases – alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

83. Coronary Heart Disease
= the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in North America.

84. Type A
= Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people.

85. Type B
= Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people.

86. Psychophysiological Illness
= literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches.

87. Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
= the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health.

88. Lymphocytes
= the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system; B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances.