1. States of Matter

2. Matter Remember matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Matter can be classified into 3 main states
Solid
Liquid
Gas

3. Solid Definite shape and definite volume
This means they will not take the shape of their container
Particles have low energy and vibrate in fixed positions

4. Liquid Definite volume but indefinite shape
This means their volume remains the same but they will take the shape of their container
Particles have slightly more energy and can slide past one another

5. Gas Indefinite shape and indefinite volume
The particles will spread out to fill the space provided
Particles have lots of energy and move at high speeds in all directions

6. Plasma Highly charged particles
Have the highest amount of energy of all of the states
Found in flames, stars, and nuclear reactions

7. 4 States of Matter

8. Changes of State

9. Energy and Changes of State
Change of State- change of a substance from one physical state to another
As a substance moves from one state to another it either gains or loses energy.
Endothermic- energy is added to the reaction (eno- put into or added)
Exothermic- energy is released from the reaction (exo-exited or released)

10. Melting: Solid to a Liquid
Melting- change of a state from solid to liquid
Adding energy to a solid increases the energy and causes the particles to move faster
Melting is endothermic
Ex. Ice (solid) melts into water (liquid)

11. Melting Point
Melting Point- particles of a solid vibrate so fast they break free and become a liquid
Melting Point of water- 0°C

12. Freezing: Liquid to Solid
Freezing- the change of state from a liquid to a solid
When the attraction between particles must overcome the motion of particles, the energy is released.
Freezing is exothermic Ex. Water (liquid) to Ice (solid)

13. Sublimation: Solid to a Gas
Sublimation- process in which a solid changes directly into a gas
The particles have to change from tightly packed to spread out completely and attraction must be completely overcome
It is endothermic because energy is gained
Ex. Dry ice goes straight to a gas

14. Phase Change Diagram condensing boiling freezing melting E D 100 C B
Temperature º C. B
freezing
melting
Sublimation A
Heat (thermal energy)