1. Have you wondered why you resemble the other people in your family?

2. Contains traits of both parents
Reproduction Rewind
Type of Reproduction
Asexual
Sexual
No. of Parents 1 2
Offspring
Identical to parents
Contains traits of both parents
Complexity
Simple
Diverse
Example
Algae, protist
Human, tree

3. A. GENETIC BASICS

4. 1. Heredity-the study of passing characteristics called “traits” onto offspring.
Some examples of traits include eye color, hair color, shape of nose, etc.
a. Genetics is the study of heredity

5. 2. The study of heredity started
with the work of Gregor Mendel and his pea plant garden
Mendel was an Austrian Monk that lived in the mid 1800’s. He is considered the “Father of Genetics”

6. 3. Mendel found GENES
Genes contain DNA , are found on CHROMOSOMES and determine our TRAITS.

7. b. Genes are inherited in PAIRS (2); you get one from your MOM & one from your DAD.
c. Different forms of genes are called alleles

8. 4. DNA a. “THE BLUEPRINT FOR LIFE”
b. Called a double helix and looks like a ladder that has been twisted

9. they have a role in Creating All the Traits of an Individual Organism
c. Function of DNA
Tells the cell what proteins to make which are important because
they have a role in Creating All the Traits of an Individual Organism

10. a. They are made of DNA and are found in the NUCLEUS
5. Chromosomes
a. They are made of DNA and are found in the NUCLEUS

11. b. Function of Chromosomes
is to carry genetic information that is passed on from parent to offspring.

12. 6. Forms of Traits
a. A dominant trait is a strong form of a trait. Upper case letters represent them. It will show up but isn’t necessarily better. T E B G

13. b. A recessive gene is a weak form of a trait
b. A recessive gene is a weak form of a trait. Lower case letters represent these traits. It will only show up if the dominant form is not present. b t g e

14. 7. MORE GENETIC
LINGO

15. a. Genotype BB bb
is the pair of letters that represent a trait Bb
b. Phenotype
Is the physical trait. The way something looks.
Black fur
White fur

16. c. Purebred
BB, bb
When both of the letters (genes) are the same for a trait
d. Hybrid Bb
When the letters (genes) are different for a trait

17. Homozygous – Having two identical alleles for a trait.
Heterozygous – Having two different alleles for a trait.

18. g. Incomplete dominance - Genes work together to produce a third trait where the alleles are blended
Like a red flower crossed with a white flower produces a pink flower

19. h. Codominant - Genes work together and both alleles are visible
Like a red flower crossed with a white flower produces a red and white flower

20. B. Genetic Cross
combining of gametes (sex cells) from parents with different traits

21. 1. PUNNETT SQUARE-a graphic organizer used to predict the occurrence of traits. It shows all possible combinations of offspring from parents.

22. 2. Probability -the possibility that something could happen
2. Probability -the possibility that something could happen. Punnett Squares show probability.
The probability that a single coin flip will come up heads is…
a. 100 percent
b. 75 percent
c. 50 percent
d. 25 percent

23. The probability that a single coin flip will come up heads is….
a. 100 percent
b. 75 percent
c. 50 percent
d. 25 percent

24. 3. Types of Crosses
Monohybrid Cross – a cross in which only one trait is paired. Homozygous or heterozygous pairings can be used.
-some are purebred crosses and others are hybrid

25. PUREBRED MONOHYBRID CROSSES
Purebred homozygous dominant
Purebred homozygous recessive

26. Hybrid monohybrid Cross
Yields:
Homozygous dominant TT
Homozygous recessive tt
Heterozygous dominant Tt

27. Co-Dominance Incomplete Dominance
Others are pairings of one trait that result in blended or combinations of traits that are neither recessive or dominant.
Co-Dominance
Incomplete Dominance

28. b. Dihybrid Cross - crossing parents who differ in two traits (AABB with aabb)