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Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

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1 Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
The American Revolution: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Edited by Gelber

2 Essential Questions TOP 10 LIST of events leading to Revolution? Was the American War for Independence inevitable? Were the origins of the American Revolution economic or ideological? Was the American Revolution a “radical” or “conservative” revolution? Would you have been a revolutionary in 1776? Why did some stay loyal? How did the Declaration of Independence establish the foundation of American government and serve as a model for other countries? (“republicanism”)

3 Grassroots resistance groups:
Sons of Liberty Daughters of Liberty Committees of correspondence Committees of observation

4 Advantages & Disadvantages On the Eve of the Revolution?
ß Britain Americans Military ? Economic

5 Loyalist Strongholds

6 Washington’s Headaches
Only app 2/5 of the colonists were in favor of a war for independence App 1/5 Loyalist (Tory) 2/5 = “Summer soldiers” or “sunshine patriots” Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for the Continental Army. Poor training [until the arrival of Baron von Steuben.]

7 Exports & Imports:

8 Phase I: The Northern Campaign [1775-1776]

9 The British suffered over 40% casualties.
Bunker Hill (June, 1775) The British suffered over 40% casualties.

10 Phase II: NY & PA [ ]

11 New York City in Flames (1776)

12 Washington Crossing the Delaware Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851

13 A modern-day re-enactment
Saratoga: “Turning Point” of the War? A modern-day re-enactment

14 Phase III: The Southern Strategy [1780-1781]

15 The Battle of Yorktown (1781)
Count de Rochambeau Admiral De Grasse

16 Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:
“The World Turned Upside Down!” Painted by John Trumbull, 1797

17 Why did the British Lose???

18 North America After the Treaty of Paris, 1783

19 Social/Political Impact of Revolution
Greater erosion of class differences Soldiers treated w/ respect However, overall distribution of wealth unchanged

20 (2) Effects on blacks Contradiction w/ Revolutionary ideals of equality & justice? Some opportunity to escape slavery All No. states banned slavery beginning in 1777 thru 1804 Some ppl freed slaves voluntarily (“manumission”) All states banned slave trade from Africa by 1808

21 “Self-help” for free blacks
Formed churches (Baptist & AME Church) Some prominent blacks, like mathematician/astronomer Benjamin Banneker & poet Phyllis Wheatley

22 (3) Effects on women --Not so much long-term impact… -- Active pre-war (boycotts) -- During war, “camp followers” -- cooking, laundry & nursing --Many at home managing household, farms & biz while hubbies away **common theme in wars**

23 Some new attitudes about women?
-- Right to choose husband -- Fewer kids per family after 1770 –Result? --Widespread idea of “republican motherhood”

24 (4) Effects on Indians (---No provisions made for Native Americans in peace treaty --Indian population decimated in east, scattered in west

25 (5) Effect on organized religion
(: **State-established churches ended by 1780s (except for New England’s Congregational Church) –”disestablished” WHY? Anglican Church -- loyalist sympathies Quakers—disliked due to pacifism Also, due to New Light religions’ questioning of established orthodoxies

26 (6) Political Impact Some innovations in new state Constitutions:
Ex: Thomas Jefferson’s Statute for Religious Freedom 1786 Va Constitution separated church & state Separation of branches in all Bill (or Declaration) of Rights included But… voting & office-holding restricted to white male property owners

27 Articles of Confederation
--Weak national govt --Power in states One bright spot: Western lands (Land Ordinances; Northwest Ordinance) Serious problems!! International weakness Shays’s Rebellion


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