1. Opener: Complete on page 159
Artist Name
Country of Origin
Important Fact about Artist
Name one important work
Important Fact about the Work
Eugene Delacroix
John Constable
Francisco Goya
Use your notes to help answer this question.

2. Opener Artist: Country of Origin: Important Fact about the artist:
Eugene Delacroix
Country of Origin:
France
Important Fact about the artist:
scenes of war and tragedy
Name an important work:
Death of Sardanapalus
Indentify one important fact about the work:
rich/warm colors unite painting

3. Opener Artist: Country of Origin: Important Fact about the artist:
John Constable
Country of Origin:
England
Important Fact about the artist:
landscapes
Name an important work:
The Hay Wain
Indentify one important fact about the work:
Use of color and space emphasize the countryside

4. Opener Artist: Country of Origin: Important Fact about the artist:
Francisco Goya
Country of Origin:
Spain
Important Fact about the artist:
Exposed the truth of subjects/events
Name an important work:
The Third of May 1808
One important fact about the work (s):
communal cruelty

5. the Age of Romanticism
MUSIC

6. How do characteristics of Romanticism influence music?
Emotion: Expansion of formal structures within a composition, making the pieces more passionate and expressive.
Music has urgency, intensity, more contrasts in tempo and mood.
Common symphonic form:
extended orchestral composition
3-4 movements.
folk music (stories)
Begin to see virtuoso musicians

7. Ludwig Van Beethoven
Seen as a transition artist from Classical to Romantic (structure vs. emotion)
Dynamics: extremes of piano & forte
Piano writing more dramatic than melodic.
Writes a lot in minor keys (sad, melancholy, pain, anger; music not always ‘happy’, bright, or cheerful)
Notable pieces from this period were his famous 5th Symphony and Fur Elise

8. Orchestral Piano

10. Richard Wagner (1813-1883) * Open your books to page 361.
* Use pages to answer the 7 questions on your worksheet.

11. Song to Identify on your exam: The Ride of the Valkyries
Richard Wagner ( )
1. Myth, Music, Poetry, Drama, and Pictoral design…. Gesamtkunstwerk
2. Opera itself (it’s commercialism)
3. A) The primary importance of the orchestra over the singing
B) the Leitmotif as unifying element
C) Chromatic, or colored, harmonies
4. Distinct melody or melodic fragment associated with a character, object, or idea
5. Yearning, love-death, transcendental bliss
6. Chromatic scale; Dissolved traditional tonality and gives music emotionalism
7. The Ring of the Nibelung…. 16 hours 
Song to Identify on your exam:
The Ride of the Valkyries

12. Richard Wagner 1813 – 1883 Born in Leipzig, Germany Personality:
Flamboyant egoist (thinks he is the shiz)
Associated with anti-Semitism and later idolized by Nazis
Music Terms he introduced:
Gesamtkunstwerk – total work of art – opera
Leitmotifs - musical themes to introduce characters
Famous Works:
Ride of the Valkyries
Der Ring des Nibelungen
The Wedding March (Bridal Chorus) from Lohengrin

13. Der Ring des Nibelungen (1876) Famous Work: Ride of the Valkyries.
Wagner
Synopsis:
The Ride begins in the prelude to the Act. The curtain rises to reveal a mountain peak where four of the eight Valkyrie sisters of Brünnhilde have gathered in preparation for the transportation of fallen heroes to Valhalla.
Romantic Characteristics:
Subject taken from folk story
High emotions shown through dramatic crescendos with emphasis on brass instruments
Music has urgency to it, intensity, and more contrasts in tempo and mood throughout the piece

14. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Music meets Dance
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
1840 – 1893
Born in Votkinsk, Russia
Composed music for “Classical ballet”
Classical ballet is a full length ballet performed by a corps de ballet (a large company of dancers)
These works are choreographed and performed almost the exact same way for years/centuries to come.
Majors ballets include Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty, and The Nutcracker.

15. Tchaikovsky’s Nutcracker: Dance of the Sugarplum Fairy
Song for the Listening Portion of the exam:
Tchaikovsky’s Nutcracker: Dance of the Sugarplum Fairy ht

16. Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake: Dance of the Four Swans

17. the Age of Romanticism
BALLET

18. Romanticism in Ballet Subject Matter: Supernatural Earlier Times
Distant Lands
Folk Stories
Invention of gaslight which creates varying moods (lighting!)
Reflection of the Time:
Rising cult of the ballerina
As women gained more rights in society, women were featured and developed a specialized technique

19. Cult of the Ballerina New Innovations to Ballet
Pointe Shoes:
Supportive shoes made of wood; allows ballerinas to dance on their toes
a strictly female characteristic of ballet
Shortened Skirts:
used to display the ballerina’s technique (specifically her feet/ankles)
Emphasis on Women:
Ballerinas were lifted by male partners or by wires to emphasize their lightness and delicacy.
This created an element of fantasy.
Answer the following in your notes:
How do these innovations surround the status of women during this time?

20. Romeo and Juliet
Pg. 160 in your VPA notebook
As you watch this scene from Romeo and Juliet, answer the following questions:
1. What was the inspiration for this ballet?
2. Name two innovations that emphasize the focus of the ballerina that you see in this clip.
3. How is this an example of a Romantic ballet?
4. Would ballet have become so popular if there had not been the development of Romantic music? Why or why not? (Think about the major characteristic of Romantic music!)

21. the Age of Romanticism
THEATER
Pg. 158

22. Romanticism in Theater
Actors and actresses are now more important than playwrights
More rehearsals
Technological influences:
Larger theater due to larger productions
Lit with gas
Steam-engine
People could travel to see plays
New factories= new jobs = money to go to the theater
Urbanization: people needed entertainment in the cities
theaters opened in new places that previously had no form of theater
and actors begin tours around the United States

23. Romanticism in Theater
Types: Three Types
Romantic Plays
needed no rules (rejected the “rules” of Neoclassical theater)
no subject matter was inappropriate
conflict occurred between the character’s spiritual and creative wishes and their physical ability
Romantic: Part of Your World

24. Romanticism in Theater
Type Two:
Melodramas
designed to pull the heart-strings of the audience by pitting good characters against bad characters – heroes against villains.
Full of over-the-top, dramatic expression; reintroduction of stock characters.
Lady in the Tramp: We Are Siamiese

25. Romanticism in Theater
Type Three:
Well-Made Plays
Structure builds to a climax through a development of plot events that take place logically in a cause and-effect fashion
the audience knows all of the information to know the characters; events are foreshadowed.
Beauty and the Beast: Something There

26. Can you indentify the different types of Romantic plays?
CLIPS:
Lady and the Tramp
Little Mermaid
Beauty and the Beast
Pg. 160 in your VPA notebook

27. Romantic Music, Ballet, and Theater Brief Review
1. What is “gesamtkunstwerk?” Who developed it?
2. What was one of the most important inventions in
19th century theater? How did it affect the “mood?”
3. What is corps de ballet?
4. Why did ballerinas begin to wear shorter skirts?
What is the difference between Romantic plays and Well-made plays?
Song #1 - Identify the song and composer of the music played.
Song #2 - Identify the song and composer of the music played.
Pg. 160 in your VPA notebook