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13 Plantations in Ireland

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1 13 Plantations in Ireland
Changes in Land Ownership: Plantation in Ireland 13 Plantations in Ireland WHAT YOU WILL LEARN At the end of this chapter you should understand ... How English rule in Ireland developed in the 16th century. The role of the plantations in extending English rule. The Laois-Offaly Plantation. The Munster Plantation. A Special Study of the Ulster Plantation. The Cromwellian Plantation. The results of the plantations.

2 Ireland in 1500 The Pale The Anglo-Irish lordships
GAELIC LORDS The Anglo-Irish lordships ANGLO-IRISH LORDS MacDonnell THE PALE O’Donnell O’Neill Maguire The Gaelic Irish lordships Burke O’Rourke MacMahon O’Reilly O’Malley O’Connor O’Farrell Differences between Gaelic Brehon law and English common law Brehon law: English common law: The chief (or taoiseach) was elected from the derbhfine (or royal family). The new lord was the eldest son. The land was owned by the clan or tribe. The land was owned by the lord. O’Flaherty THE PALE O’Dempsey O’More GALWAY O’Carroll DUBLIN KILDARE O’Brien O’Toole Ormond O’Byrne LIMERICK Butler MacMurrough (Kavanagh) Fitzgerald Desmond Roche Power WEXFORD MacCarthy Mór WATERFORD Barry O’Sullivan Mór CORK

3 Tudor efforts to conquer Ireland
To protect England To introduce religious changes Methods Military conquest Reasons Surrender and Regrant A new policy: Plantations Superior English culture

4 The Plantation Timeline of the Plantations Plantation of Laois-Offaly
1556 1586 1609 1652 Plantation of Laois-Offaly Plantation of Munster Plantation of Ulster Cromwellian Plantation

5 The Plantation of Laois-Offaly
Impose English law To protect the Pale Reasons/ Aims To control native Irish population

6 The Plantation of Laois-Offaly
The Plantation in Action Counties Queen’s County King’s County Sheriff in control County towns Maryborough Philipstown Estates of 360 acres for English planters Loyal Irish near Shannon The Pale Earldom of Kildare, taken from the Fitzgeralds after 1537 THE PALE Laois and Offaly Maynooth KING’S COUNTY Dublin Philipstown (Daingean) Maryborough (Portlaoise) LEINSTER QUEEN’S COUNTY Kilkenny

7 The Plantation of Laois-Offaly Results of Laois-Offaly Plantation
– Why was it a failure? Only 80 planters No planters from England Results of Laois-Offaly Plantation Confiscated land attacked by O’Mores and O’Connors Land given to Gaelic planters Lessons for future plantations

8 The Plantation of Munster
Imposing English rule Adventurers Causes The Desmond Rebellions Imposing Protestant religion Land confiscated

9 The Plantation of Munster
Plan of Plantation Surveyed and mapped Attract younger sons of English nobility Plan of Plantation Scheme of plantation Centre of English civilisation Resist a Spanish invasion

10 The Plantation of Munster
The Plantation in Action 4,000, 6,000, 8,000 and 12,000 acres Undertakers Limerick LIMERICK Earldom of Desmond Only English farmers, labourers, craftsmen Pay rent to the Crown Tralee MUNSTER Mallow WATERFORD Killarney Tallow Lismore CORK KERRY Cork Ready to defend in 7 years Introduce Protestant religion Youghal Bandon Follow English law PLANTED AREA PLANTATION TOWNS

11 The Plantation of Munster
Only one-fifth of planters came Used Gaelic and Anglo-Irish planters Problems How successful was the Plantation? Impact of Nine Years War

12 The Plantation of Munster
Long-term changes Wealthy Protestant minority New plantation towns Results of Plantation Trade prospered New surnames New cattle breeds/new farming methods Youghal, Cork exports

13 The Plantation of Ulster
Flight of the Earls 1609 Nine Years War – Battle of Kinsale Spanish help O’Donnell (Tyrconnell) O’Neill (Tyrone) Yellow ford 1598 Mellifont Galway Causes Dublin Tralee Limerick Lismore Flight of the Earls Imposing English law O’Neill’s March 1601 O’Donnell’s March 1601 Cork Kinsale 1601 Spanish arrive 1601 Loyal and Protestant population Rental money for Crown Pay soldiers and officials

14 The Plantation of Ulster
Plan of Plantation Church land 6 counties Survey Crown land Commission of Inquiry PLANTATION OF ULSTER PRIVATE PLANTATION OF MONTGOMERY AND HAMILTON PLANTATION TOWNS Coleraine Londonderry Plan Strabane Donegal Omagh Dungannon Enniskillen Cavan

15 The Plantation of Ulster
Plan of Plantation Conditions of Plantation PLANTERS WHO WERE THEY CONDITIONS Undertakers English and Scottish planters Not allowed to have Gaelic Irish tenants Rent £5.33 (€6.77) per 1,000 acres Servitors English soldiers and officials who were owed money after the Nine Years War and later Could take some Gaelic Irish tenants Rent: £8 (€10.16) per 1,000 acres Loyal Irish Irish of ‘good merit’: Gaelic Irish who had not taken part in the rebellion Could have Gaelic tenants Rent: £10.46 (€13.54) per 1,000 acres

16 The Plantation of Ulster
Defence 1,000 acres A bawn 1.500 acres A bawn and stone house 2,000 acres A bawn and stone castle

17 The Plantation of Ulster – Co. Londonderry
Gridiron street pattern Clothworkers COLERAINE LOUGH FOYLE Central square or diamond Tailors Grocers Ironmongers LONDONDERRY Haberdashers Goldsmiths Fishmongers Mercers Skinners Vintners Walls of Derry Drapers River Foyle Salters Why was the plantation of Co. Londonderry organised in a different way to the rest of the Ulster Plantation?

18 The Plantation of Ulster – Results
Schools, towns 3% Irish Society (Londonderry) 10% Trinity College 3% Conflicts continued Towns New population The economy Land and religion The Gaelic Irish Results Servitors 12% Undertakers 36% Church of Ireland 16% Native Irish 20%

19 The Plantation of Ulster – Results
What are the features of these planned towns?

20 The Cromwellian Plantation
Rebellion in Ireland Royalists V Parliamentarians Causes Drogheda (1649) CROMWELL LANDS (AUGUST 1649) Pay-off adventurers and soldiers Cromwell’s invasion; country devastated Galway (1652) Ringsend Limerick (1652) Kilkenny (1650) New Ross (1649) Clonmel (1650) Wexford (1649) Waterford (1649) Cork (1649) Youghal (1650) Bandon (1649) CROMWELL DEPARTS (MAY 1650) Kinsale (1649)

21 The Cromwellian Plantation Confiscation and survey
Act of Settlement Crush Catholics Punish rebels Pay-off debts ‘Rebel’ landowners Confiscation and survey Down Survey Aims Could not prove loyalty Catholic farmers and labourers left in place

22 The Cromwellian Plantation
Penal laws against Catholics Catholic tenants and labourers remain Failed to crush Catholics Catholics live outside town walls Irish sent to the Caribbean Catholic landowners lost out Success or failure? Property and trade in Protestant hands Areas given by Cromwell to new landowners Area reserved for transplanted Irish landowners Drogheda Galway River Shannon Dublin Kilkenny Limerick Waterford Cork

23 Overall Results of the Plantations
Protestant Ascendancy More Protestant country Penal laws Catholic religion survived Religious Political 19th and 20th century riots 19th century Land War The Results of the Plantation The Troubles Cultural Gaelic culture and language Common Law New farming methods More urban society

24 MUNSTER / ULSTER PLANTATION
FOCUS TASK 1 Summarise Draw up a table like the one below in a page of your copybook with the heading ‘Munster Plantation’ or ‘Ulster Plantation’ (whichever you are making a Special Study of). Fill in the information in short note form opposite each of the categories. Jupiter Jupiter MUNSTER / ULSTER PLANTATION Causes Aims Ruler Organisation of Plantation Results: political, religious, cultural

25 FOCUS TASK 2 Historical Debate
‘The policy of plantation brought benefits to Ireland’. Use your textbook and the internet to present the case, for and against, this motion. Jupiter Jupiter

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