1. EDUCATION FOR ALL (EFA)
EFA Progress Report and Policy Recommendations
BHUTAN
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

2. EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
Progress Goal 1: ECCD
An ECCD unit established
A draft ECCD policy and Guidelines
6 Day Cares Centres have been established since 2005
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

3. EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
Progess goal 2: UPE
National Goal
Net Primary Enrolment to reach near 100 % by 2013
(Primary schooling cycle in Bhutan is 7 years )
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

4. EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
GER & NER
GER
NER
2000
72 % -
2006
102.1 %
79.4%
2007
105.7 %
83.7%
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

5. Progress Goal 3: Life Skills & Lifelong Learning
Vocational Education under MOLHR
Vocational clubs (MOE) -39 schools with 1,900 students
Pilot Continuing Education Program established in 2006
2006 – 148 students
students
School Agriculture programme (to integrate agricultural skills) in 122 schools
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

6. Progress Goal 4: Literacy
National Goal Work towards eradicating illiteracy by the year 2015 and to make all adult pop. above 15 yrs functionally literate and numerate in the national language, Dzongkha By 2013, the goal is to reach 80% literacy from existing 53%
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

7. EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
Literacy
Adult Literacy in 2005 (15 years+)-53 %,
Female - 39 %
Male - 65 %
NFE centres with 18,550 learners, 669 instructors
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

8. EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
Progress Goal 5: Gender
National goal
To increase the ratio of girls to boys in pry, secondary and tertiary education
To bring a special thrust on enhancing female literacy & opportunity for life skills, vocational edn. & employment for women
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

9. EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
Gender
Enrolment of Girls in primary schools % %
Enrolment of Girls in Secondary schools (2006)
Class VII and VIII - 50 %
Class IX and X %
Class XI and XII %
Private schools - gender parity is maintained at all levels (PP-XII)
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

10. EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
Women in Teaching
Female ratio in Teaching
Community Schools - 22 %
Primary Schools - 46 %
Private Pry Schools - 68 %
Lower Secondary Schools - 48 %
Middle Secondary Schools - 41 %
Higher Secondary Schools - 30 %
Private HSS -20 %
Royal University of Bhutan - 17 %
Technical Education - 12 %
NFE - 48 %
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

11. Progress 6: Quality Education
National Goal
To reduce annual dropout rate at pry. Level from 10% to 5 %
3.3%
To reduce repetition rate from 21 % to 10 %
3.5%
To universalize the coverage of new curriculum & new activity based teaching methods
Full adaptation of secondary school curricula to Bhutanese context by end of 9th FYP
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

12. Teachers & qualifications
Teachers in Schools and Institutes
,045
,094
Qualification: Masters Degree
Trained Teachers % %
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

13. EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
Teacher pupil ratio
Teacher: Pupil ratio (1:32)
Urban and very remote community & primary schools crowded (>40 students per teacher)
Ratio improves from Lower Secondary Schools(1:<30) & declines as the study level advances
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

14. EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
Cross cutting Issues 1
Issues related to the participation and learning among the under-represented gender, castes, classes, races and ethno-linguistic minorities.
Issues related to inclusive education and access, opening school to diversity and expanding early childhood education and secondary education
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

15. Policy Recommendation
Create programmes to ensure that unreached, underserved and disadvantaged communities have access to quality basic education (including ECCE and literacy programmes)
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

16. Target Groups/ Beneficiaries
All children including high altitude nomadic communities, indigenous tribes such as doyas, the poor, girl children, disabled population
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

17. Desired Outcome, Expected Impact
100% NER achieved
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

18. Strategies to implement the policy, including innovative approaches
Identify the unreached and underserved (including disabled and poor).
Establish schools including Extended Classrooms (ECRs)
Establish schools/centres for disabled, where possible, mainstream them
Reduce the cost (both direct and indirect) of education.
Continue and increase demand side interventions (free textbooks, stationery, stipends, scholarships, boarding, uniforms, bussing where possible, provide blankets, mattresses, etc).
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

19. EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
Strategies Contd.
Scale up Child Friendly Schools concept to create safe and conducive learning environment
Provide adequate living and working conditions and incentives for teachers in rural and remote areas
Ensure adequate and timely supply of TLM, including library books, equipments etc)
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

20. EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
Strategies contd.
Conduct Impact Assessment of NFE programme and implement recommendations
Establish a database of information on NFE to facilitate strategic planning for expansion of NFE programme to realize the goal for full adult literacy by 2015
Strengthen cross-sectoral collaboration to improve the relevance and quality of the NFE curriculum and provide relevant life skills training.
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

21. EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
Strategies contd.
Enhance early childhood care and development support mechanisms through non-formal education and advocacy through media, and encourage private promoters to establish day care centres in urban areas.
Explore other innovative approaches to delivery of ECCE to all
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

22. EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
Cross cutting Issue 2
Issues related to improving quality of education, especially teacher training and learning achievement
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

23. Policy Recommendation
Strengthen and improve both teacher education (pre-service and in-service) and teacher service conditions at all levels.
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

24. Target Groups/ Beneficiaries
Prospective teachers
In-service teachers
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

25. Desired Outcome, Expected Impact
Competent teachers based on pre-determined standards
Critical mass of academics/professional leaders developed
Enhanced teaching learning processes
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

26. Strategies to implement the policy, including innovative approaches
Develop appropriate career ladder and incentives for teachers along with advocacy and image building (study the option of de-linking teachers from the civil service)
Enhance selection procedures for teacher recruitment, and ensure fair and equitable deployment
Establish teacher standards in professional competencies (along with needs assessment of teachers)
Create institute for focused in-service professional development of teachers
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

27. EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
Strategies contd.
Create professional development opportunities through the formal and informal networks and workshops.
Review and harmonize present monitoring and support system for greater impact.
Review the pre-service teacher education provided by teacher training colleges.
Diversify teacher education programmes at the colleges of education
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

28. EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
Cross cutting issue 3
Issues related to financing EFA for reaching the poor, including governance, decentralization and accountability
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

29. Policy Recommendation
Strengthen decentralized management of financial resources
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

30. Target Groups/ Beneficiaries
Working children, children with disabilities, out of school children, children of/and seasonal/permanent migrants, children/adults living under the poverty line, etc.
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

31. Desired Outcome, Expected impact
Increased Percentage of resources allocated and effective utilization to achieve Universal Basic Education
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

32. Strategies to implement the policy, including innovative approaches
Identify the unreached and underserved populations.
Adopt an inclusive and gender lens while allocating resources.
Increased budgets for formal and Non-Formal Education.
Decentralize financial management down to school level
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

33. EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
Strategies contd.
Enhance accountability/transparency mechanism
Make Financial and procurement procedures simple and flexible
Build capacity in fiscal management and planning
Multi stake-holder (Media and Civil Society partners, communities, etc.) approach
Clearly delineate roles and responsibilities at all levels
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

34. Implementing agencies, providers, partners
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Finance
Gross National Happiness (GNH) Commission
Local Governments
Development Partners
Community
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

35. Required capacities, resources, support
Capacity on Education financing and planning at all levels
Technical capacity in curriculum development and professional development areas
Sufficient financial resources to carry out plans and programmes mentioned
M&E capacity at all levels
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

36. Comments, necessary conditions, assumptions, etc.
Political will and priorities do not change
No disasters and emergencies occur
Increased resources available from govt and development partners
Local capacity and human resource situation improves
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008

37. EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
Thank You & Tashi Delek !!!
EFA: Mid-Term Policy Review Conference, Kathmandu
16-19 June 2008