1. 8.2 Speciation
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2. Microevolution
Changes in gene (allele) frequencies and phenotypic traits within a population and species

3. Species
All members of a population with a common gene pool.

4. Reproductive Isolation
A trait that prevents organisms from interbreeding
-behavioural
-structural
-biochemical

5. Prezygotic mechanisms
Behavioural
Temporal
Ecological isolation
Mechanical isolation
Gametic isolation

6. Postzygotic Mechanisms
Zygotic mortality
Hybrid inviability
Hybrid infertility

7. Allopatric speciation
Geographic isolation between members of the same species results in the evolution of two different species over time.

8. Sympatric Evolution
A population evolves into two different species in the same geographic area.
Example:
Hawthorn flies

9. Polyploidy
Ontario’s eastern green tree frog (4n) and Cope’s gray tree frog (2n)