1. News Construction بنية الأخبار- أكاديمية التربية الرقمية ٢٠١٤
بيروت-- أكاديمية التربية الرقمية ٢٠١٤
عبير النجار- أستاذ مساعد
قسم الاتصال الجماهيري
الجامعة الآميريكية في الشارقة

2. صف\صفي الخبر ب ٣ صفات List three characteristics of news
تمرين:
صف\صفي الخبر ب ٣ صفات List three characteristics of news
Lenses
Accuracy NBC report
Fact from opinion (Hannity/ Russle exchange)
Balance (how do we measure it?)

3. Why does it matter?

4. الصورة الصحفية

5. News is Accurate

6. Diane Sawyer- Anchor of ABC World News
July

7. News is balanced

8. Anchors- Sean Hannity of Fox News
Yousef Munayyer

9. News is factual

10. الاهرام –محدثات السلام- البيت الابيض ٢٠١٠ –سبتمبر ١٥

11. الصورة الأصلية

12. ١٧- آغسطس ٢٠٠٦ عدنان حاج http://www.al-akhbar.com/node/164328
Adnan Hajj and the Reuters image of Israel War on Lebanon…

13. Being news literate requires multi literacies
News concept and requirements
News shortcomings – structural, professional & ideological
Language literacy
Image literacy

14. Who cares about news? من يهتم بالأخبار؟
Who manipulate the news?
Policy makers
Citizens
Journalists
Lobbyists, advocates, NGOS
PR companies and spin doctors

15. Technology & 24/7 news cycle
Demand
Competition for audience attention
Sensationalization and tabloidization

16. News sources Impact language Use of labels Problem definition Causes
Blame

17. Advertisers Popular content over important content
Consuming habits and behavior
May press the media to refrain from publiching certain stories

18. Professional filters News values News routines Newsworthiness
News story

19. News values
Newness
Conflict
Personal
Bizzar

20. Event- vs. theme
Little context
Action based

21. Language literacy Language (occupation/self defense)
Terms and quotes (sources impact) and narrative
Questions – Sean Hannity questions to Yousef
Whose agenda and whose perspective

22. ذكرى رابعة والنهضة ١٤ آغسطس ٢٠١٣
الوادي دعت حملة باطل أرز الجبهات الداعمة للرئيس المعزول محمد مرسي الى احتشاد جماعة الاخوان المسلمين وحلفائها فيما أسمته الانتفاضة الكبرى لاحياء ذكرى “الأربعاء الأسود”
الأهرام “الاخوان وذكرى ازالة مستوطنة رابعة” “جماعة الاخوان المسلمين الارهابية”

23. مصادر الموضوعات/القصص الاخبارية
مصادر اللغة/المفردات
مصادر الموضوعات/القصص الاخبارية

24. History & News
Space limitations/ time limitations/ routines limitations/ frame/ PR/ etc.,
Questions the –entertainment and news
Accurate portrayal of events
Clarity of causes leading to the event
Complete picture of the historical period
What are the consequences of the dramatic events

25. Media Events & Newsmakers

26. اتفاقية كامب ديفيد ١٩٧٨

27. ٣٠ يونيو ٢٠١٣ – القاهرة

28. مظاهرة في لندن لدعم الفلسطينيين –أغسطس ٢٠١٤

29. Royal Wedding
Kate & Andrew

30. Media Events Television events Pre-staged, pre-planned
Co-production between Media & Establishments
Nowadays
Co-production between media & Anti-Establishment
Ehud Katz and Tamar Liebes 2007

31. Decision-making process in the broadcast newsroom
The general questions they would encounter are:
Who is the initial gatekeeper for news stories?
What is the criteria for the selection of stories
Is the process of news selection arbitrary (one person) or consultative?
Is there an appeals process?
How is it determined which crews are assigned to a story
How are deadlines for a story determined?
Time constraints have a direct influence on the quality of the news coverage

32. Framing
Frames can suggest individual audience understanding of certain political issue. Attention can be steered towards “civil liberties frame” through the use of “free speech controversy” which make the public opinion more “tolerant” to the rallies of public protests. Contrariwise, law and order narrative “terrorism”, was necessary to create chauvinism and intolerance, amongst audience that enable them to detach themselves from their fellow Egyptians and cast them as “terrorist”. “The words and images that make up the frame can be distinguished from the rest of the news by their capacity to stimulate support of or opposition to the sides in a political conflict.” Nelson, Clawson, & Oxley (1997) Media Framing of Civil Liberties Conflict. P. 568
Entman 2003, p. 417.