1. Section 1: The Civil War Begins Page Mitten – CSHS Semester One
The Civil War, 1861 – 1865 Chapter 11
Section 1: The Civil War Begins
Page
Mitten – CSHS
Semester One

2. 1861 to 1865 The Civil War Bloody Civil War Union devastates the South
Confederacy is defeated
Lincoln wins reelection
assassinated as the war ends

3. Fort Sumter
Confederates soldiers take over government, military installations
Fort Sumter – Union outpost in Charleston harbor
Lincoln’s dilemma
reinforcing fort or not?
reinforcing – rest of slave states secede
evacuating legitimizes Confederacy

4. First Shots Lincoln does not reinforce or evacuate
sends food to the fort
Jefferson Davis chooses
turns peaceful secession into war - fires on Sumter April 12th, 1861

5. First Shots Virginia Secedes Virginia unwilling to fight South
Fall of Fort Sumter unites North
volunteers rush to enlist
Virginia unwilling to fight South
secedes from Union
antislavery western counties secede from Virginia
Three more states secede
border states remain in Union

6. Americans Expect a Short War
Union Advantages
more soldiers
more factories
more food
more railroads
Confederate Advantages
cotton profits = $$
better military leadership – generals
motivated!

7. Union Strategy Union = Anaconda Plan Confederate Strategy
blockade Southern ports
divide Confederacy into two in west
capture Richmond, Confederate capital
Confederate Strategy
good defense
invade North if opportunity arises

8. First Battle Bull Run Protecting Washington D.C.
near Washington D.C. - Confederate victory
Protecting Washington D.C.
After Bull Run, Lincoln wants 1 million more soldiers
George McClellan to lead Army of the Potomac

9. Early Battles Forts Henry & Donelson General Ulysses S. Grant
brave, tough, decisive commander in West
Feb. 1862, Grant captures Confederate Forts Henry, Donelson

10. Union Armies in the West
Shiloh
March 1862, Confederate troop surprise Union soldiers at Shiloh
Grant counterattacks
Confederates retreat
thousands dead, wounded
Farragut on the Lower Mississippi
David G. Farragut commands fleet
takes New Orleans, April 1862

11. Revolution in Warfare Ironclads
New ironclad ships instrumental in victories of Grant, Farragut
Ironclads splinter wooden ships
withstand cannon, burning
March 1862, North’s Monitor, South’s Merrimack (CSS Virginia) fight to a draw

12. New Weapons Rifles more accurate Fighting from trenches faster loading
fires more rounds than muskets
Minie ball – more destructive bullet
grenades & land mines are used
Fighting from trenches
barricades new advantage in attacks

13. War for the Capitals “On to Richmond” Union leaves Richmond area
McClellan waits to attack Richmond
drills troops for 5 months
Spring 1862, Robert E. Lee takes command of Southern army
Lee, McClellan fight Seven Days’ Battle
Union leaves Richmond area

14. Antietam Lee wins Second Battle of Bull Run
marches into Maryland
Lee, McClellan clash at Antietam
bloodiest single-day battle
Battle a standoff
Confederates retreat
McClellan does not pursue
Lincoln fires McClellan