1. Forest Resources
Unit 4
Chapter 10
S.C.O. 4.6

2. Forestry
The science and art of cultivating, maintaining, and developing forests.
Cover 1/3 of earth’s land surface
Forest were once used primarily for fuel and food.
Currently used by the commercial industry for things like pulp and paper, lumber, etc.

3. Forestry 1. Broadleaf Forest (Deciduous)
Two Types of Forest
1. Broadleaf Forest (Deciduous)
Forests with fleshy, leaved trees that occur in moist regions. (EX Oak Trees, Birch Trees)
2. Coniferous Forest (Needleleaf)
Forests with trees which have needles for leaves and live in cold areas (Ex: Pine, Spruce,etc.)

4. Forestry
Broadleaf Forest
Coniferous Forest

5. Forest Harvesting 4.6.1 Two Types
1. Clear-Cutting: The process of harvesting all timber in an area at the same time.
A form of clear-cutting is Strip-cutting.

6. Clear-Cutting

7. Clear-Cutting 4.6.2 Advantages Disadvantages
This method is cheap to use.
Uses less resources. (Uses less fuel for machinery)
Fast harvesting.
Less dangerous method for workers.
Disadvantages
Soil erosion increases because of increase in soil exposure.
Damages the forest.
Biodiversity is decreased.
Doesn’t look nice.

8. Clear-Cutting 4.6.2 Strip-Cutting (a form of clear cutting):
This method consists of cutting rows of trees and leaving rows of trees between the cut rows.
This method of clear-cutting is more environmentally friendly.
Soil is not exposed.
Leaves forest for animals to live.

9. Strip-Cutting

10. Strip Cutting

11. Strip Cutting
Strip Cutting

12. Forest Harvesting 4.6.1 Two Types
2. Selective Cutting: Occurs when only selected trees are harvested from a forest site.
Ex. Cutting only mature trees of a specific kind

13. Selective Cutting

14. Selective Cutting 4.6.2 Advantages Disadvantages
Most of the forest is left intact.
Biodiversity is not harmed.
Young trees are left to grow and replace mature trees.
Soil erosion does not increase
Disadvantages
Costs more
Hard not to damage other trees.
Yields are lower.
Access roads must be maintained in order to cut mature trees at a latter date.

15. Threats to Forest Resources 4.6.3
1) Deforestation:
The conversion of forested land into another use.
Ex: Farms, cities.
Tropical rainforest experiences most of the world deforestation.
2. Climate Change:
Warmer temperatures cause:
More fires (example: Australia this year)
Faster spread of insects and pests.

16. Sustainable Forestry 4.6.4 Sustainable Forestry:
Methods used to protect the world’s forest
Some practices include:
Selective Cutting
Using Slash Roads (Road covered with Branches)
Tree Planting
Controlled Burns
Pest Management
Buffer Zones

17. Sustainable Forestry 4.6.4
If we look at sustainable forestry from a "Systems Model" perspective we can see that we have three options:
Improve what we input into forestry (replanting & seedlings)
Improve processes like:
road construction
harvesting techniques
environmental protection actions
reducing losses (use all of the tree)
Reduce the need of output product
 Recycle
Use of alternate building materials

18. Forest Cover 4.6.7 Continent North America South America Europe Africa
Asia
Australia
% Forest Cover
32.2%
51.8%
33.4%
23.2%
20.2%
23.5%

19. Forest Cover

20. Forest Depletion
The Earth's forests are vanishing at 150,000 km2/ year.
Tropical rainforests suffer 140,000 km2 of the total.
55% caused by Slash and Burn
20% Logging
15% Road Construction
10% Cattle Farming