1. Backing up a Hard Disk
Windows XP
Tutorial 6

2. Approaches to Backing up Files
Backing up files stored on a floppy disk
Use XP copy feature
Write-protect disks to prevent over-write and to prevent virus transmission
Portability advantage
Many disadvantages—short lifetime, time intensive to copy files, and disk size limitation
Copying files from a hard disk
Drag and drop or the Send To menu to send folders to floppies, CD, Zip, network drive, or second hard disk

3. Many people use a combination of these methods.
Using a backup utility
Large numbers of files can be saved on a more permanent medium more efficiently
Uses space for efficiently and may compress files
Can use one of many media
System can split files over multiple disks
Have restore feature available in case the backup is needed (you cannot open one of your files directly from the backup set, though)
Many people use a combination of these methods.

4. Organizing Folders and Files for Backup
Organize files logically
Make sure software packages store document files in a central location (My Document)
Organize in subfolders
Consider storing on two logical drives
Drive C—software
Drive D—all document files

5. Software files do not need to be backed up as often as document files
Change less frequently
Can be reinstalled from original media
You may want backups of installed software
If you could reinstall more quickly from the backup
To retain your settings (customizations)

6. Backup System Before Installing Software or OS Upgrade
Full system backup includes everything stored on your hard disk
Use tapes or tape backup drive
Although reorganizing document folders may expedite the process, do not change folders containing software.
The software setup program often controls where the software is installed (into what folders). The location of the software is stored in the Windows Registry so files can be found to start and run the application.

7. Developing an Effective Backup Strategy
Pages
Normal/full backup
start of the backup cycle and might include the entire contents of your hard disk
Differential backup
includes all new and modified files since your last normal backup
Incremental backup
includes only those files that you created or changed since your previous backup—whether it is a normal or an incremental backup

8. Normal/Differential Backup
Each additional differential backup (such as daily or weekly) within the same period includes all files you backed up during previous differential backups
Subsequent backups take longer since you backing up more files each time
Do not need to keep backup media of previous differential backups in same cycle (unless want extra copy); could use to find previous version of a file on an old set
Files easy to restore with this approach

9. Normal/Incremental Backup
Each additional incremental backup includes only those files created or changed since the previous backup
Faster than differential backups, fewer files
Use less backup media
Must keep all incremental backups
Restore takes longer since you must restore all backups
Most used method of backup

10. WinXP Supports Copy Backup and Daily Backup
Copy backup backs up all the files you select without affecting other types of backups that you create during a backup cycle
Provides extra backup copy that might be stored off site
Daily backup backs up all selected files that have been created or modified the day you perform the daily backup
Good for extra busy days; provides backup in case a problem occurs before the next differential/incremental backup
Does not interfere with your next differential/ incremental backup

11. Suggestions Begin a backup cycle with a new set of tapes or disks
Keep at least three of the most recent backup sets and alternate them
See Grandfather Father Son rotation scheme, pg. 6.09

12. Backup Media Floppy disks Tape drive inexpensive but time intensive
if you have a bad disk, you cannot retrieve thereafter
Tape drive
Must buy tape drive
Support large capacities—40 MB to 2.2 TB (thus cost least per megabyte of data)
Backup software effectively controls the process (rather than using WinXP utility)

13. CD-R and CD-RW increasing used by business and home users
Less expensive than Jaz disks
Consider use of high quality media that has life of 100 or 200 years
Use second hard disk drive for backups
Fast for storing and recovering data
Large hard drive cost about same as with other methods
Cannot store off sight; virus potential present

14. Homework Assignment
Provide written analysis comparing/ contrasting two backup technologies
Describe backup technology/system
Comparative advantages/disadvantages
Performance
Reliability
Costs (related to storage space)
Conclusion/Recommendation
Use tabular format
Two pages max

15. Archive Bit
When you create or modify a file, Windows XP turns on the Archive attribute for that file; the backup utility then uses that attribute to determine what to include in a backup.
Differential Backups—archive bit turned on until normal backup is complete at the end of the cycle
Incremental Backups—archive bit turned off after each mid-cycle incremental backup

16. Determining Space Needed for Backup
Right click folder at top level/Properties
Will show size, containing XX files, XX folders
XP backup utility combines all files that you backup into one large file so disk space is used more effectively (no slack)
Save more space if the utility support data compression (XP does not compress on floppies)
Some files compress up to 95%
Often can double space on Jaz and Zip disks

17. Using Online Backup Services
Such as Connected Virtual Backup
Advantages
Free backup software
24/7 access
Off-site storage
Incremental backups—save only changes after first normal backup
Data compression/encryption
Mirrored sites/multiple sites
Security control
CD-ROM services that provide next day delivery of a CD with your backups for a year

18. Evaluate Type of user interface/ease of use Amount of storage space
Wizards
Amount of storage space
Process for selecting files for backups and for restoring files
Type of security and protection provided
Speed of connection used for backups

19. Assignment
Locate one of the backup service providers web site (pg. 6.67)
Write a brief description of their services as shown on the web site
Respond to issues shown on previous two slides