1. IHEP Strategy for Particle & Astro-particle Physics
Yifang Wang
Institute of High Energy Physics
April 10, 2014, FCPPL

2. Main Considerations of the Roadmap
Based on existing capabilities with “aggressive” extrapolations:
BEPCII/BESIII, Daya Bay, ASg/ARGO, …
Not able to cover everything, but try to be the first in the world on selected topics
Reasonably aggressive at this rapidly expanding environment in China
The window of opportunities is limited
Competitiveness compared to other field
Taking into account constraints:
Funding
Manpower
Technological capabilities

3. Roadmap Explore the full potential of BESIII
Continue the flavor physics & QCD studies: PANDA, BELLE II
Precision frontier: flavor changing process  COMET
Continue the reactor neutrino physics: Daya Bay JUNO
Start to explore neutrino-less bb decays: EXO  nEXO
Dark matter searches: Darkside and CsI (Na) R&D
Maintain the possibility for the future: Jinping lab & exp. there
High altitude cosmic-ray physics: ASγ & ARGO  LHAASO
Explore in space: AMS/HXMT  HERD/XTP
Actively involved in the energy frontier: LHC & ILC
Thinking about the future machine in China after BEPCII/BESIII: CEPC+SppC

4. BESIII Data Taking Status & Plan
Previous Data set
BESIII now
Plan
J/psi
BESII: 58M
1.2 B
10B
Psi’
CLEO：28 M
0.5 B 1B
Psi”
CLEO：0.8 /fb
3.5/fb
20 /fb
y(4040)/y(4160)/X(4260) etc.
CLEO：0.6/fb @ y(4160)
0.4/fb y(4040); 2.0/fb X(4260), 0.5/fb X(4360)
1/fb X(4600)
Upon requests
R scan & Tau
BESII:
0.8 /fb for E>3.8 GeV
100K evts/point
BESIII will continue for the next 8-10 years: Unique in the world

5. Precision Frontier
In addition to BESIII, we will participate BELLE II and PANDA, to continue our flavor physics studies
Super tau-charm factory, which can only be built after 2020, is not the option for the moment:
The scope is not large enough for the IHEP strategy
Physics potential is not clear after BESIII, BELLEII, LHCb and PANDA
One of the most sensitive probe to new physics is through flavor changing process: m eg, t mg, m conversion, J/y  me, mt, …
The most advanced experiment is COMET and Mu2e. We decided to join COMET.

6. COMET and its Future Plan
Search for charged lepton flavor violation via m e conversion
Expected sensitivity of phase I is 310-15, phase II 310-17
The related technologies, including the target, superconducting magnet and muon beam handling, are applicable to neutrino beams and muon applications at CSNS.

7. Daya Bay: Future plan Summer(2012) maintenance & calibration completed
Data taking with 8AD in Oct.
Results in three years: D(sin22q13) ~ 3-4%
The most precise measurement of sin22q13 in the next decades.
2018/8/7
Data taking will continue until about 2017

8. Next Step: JUNO for Mass Hierarchy
Daya Bay
60 km JUNO
Previous site
20 kt LS
Lufeng
Huizhou
Daya Bay
Mass hierarchy
Precision mixing parameters
Supernova neutrinos
Geoneutrinos
Sterile neutrinos …
Current site
Hong Kong
Taishan
Yangjiang
The only one based on reactor: independent of CP phase

9. Double Beta Decays: EXO & nEXO
Without any doubt, double beta-decays is one of the most important physics topics today
The best approach for us is to participate an international project
We have no ideas/capabilities to launch our own experiment now
We decided to join EXO: Enriched Xenon Observatory based on liquid xenon TPC
Current experiment(200 kg) produced highly visible results
2011, discovered the 2nbb decay process of 136Xe [PRL 107(2011)212501]
2012, decent limit on 0nbb decay half-life [PRL 109(2012)032505]
Its future plan, nEXO(5t), is very promising
Better extrapolations for background rejection vs Ge crystals
Cost effective
Backup site is Jinping
2018/8/7

10. Dark Matter Searches Participated the Darkside experiment
R&D based on CsI(Na) crystals
Good n/g separation
High light yield
A Prototype to be built at Daya Bay
A 1 ton experiment at Gran Sasso is under discussion
Better to be at ~ -100 oC
2018/8/7

11. From ASg/ARGO to LHAASO
Site: Sichuan, Altitude ~ m
Start construction: 2015 ?
International collaboration: China, France, Italy, …
广角C 阵列 和
簇射芯
探测器
2018/8/7

12. Main Scientific Goals Complementary to CTA： All the time All the sky
Fast indication
Time-variant sources
Extended sources
More sensitive to high energy γ
Unique in the world:
CR spectra of individual spices over two knees

13. Current Space Program Hard X-ray modulated telescope (HXMT):
Total mass：1021kg; Power: 350 W
to be launched in 2015
Gamma-ray burst polarization (POLAR):
onboard China’s Spacelab: TG-2
An international collaboration: China, Switzerland, France, Poland
Launch time ~ 2015
SVOM
Redefined program: On board Chinese spacecraft
A collaboration of China and France
to be launched in
AMS ME LE HE
2018/8/7

14. High Energy cosmic Radiation Detection (HERD) onboard the China’s Space Station
Science
Dark matter search: γ from 0.1 – 10,000 GeV
Spectral and composition measurements of CRs between 300 GeV to PeV
Complementary to LHAASO: directly measured composition & spectrum in space
Status
Mission concept selected
Design concept reviewed
Technical review for mission selection soon
Groups from China，Italy，Switzerland，Sweden,…
Launch in ~2020 (?)
PWO or BGO
X0(λ)
∆E/E for e
e/p sep
e GF
200GeV
p GF
HERD (2020)
55(3) 1%
10-6
3.1
2.3
Fermi (2008) 10
12%
10-3
0.9 --
AMS02 (2011) 17 2%
0.12
DAMPE (2015) 31
10-4
0.3
CREAM (2015)
20(1.5)
0.2 14

15. X-ray Timing and Polarization (XTP) satellite
Selected for Phase 0/A in 2011, expected launch in 2020.
The most sensitive light curve with good energy resolution and polarization at 1-30 keV  from faint X-ray binaries to bright AGNs

16. Energy Frontier: LHC
We have been an active partner of LHC for long time
Contribution is very limited:
Initial scale set in 90’s
Difficulties of the Chinese funding system: projects in competition with other disciplines
We try to change, but unsuccessful in the last several years
We are trying now: a new funding channel for international projects
Goal:
Larger contribution to LHC upgrade
More people on LHC data analysis

17. The International Linear Collider (ILC)
We fully support ILC and would like to participate
Funding requests for ILC R&D have not been successful. Another try this year
A new funding system for international projects, similar to LHC ?
Sufficient funding for people to work on ILC
A significant sharing for the construction
We need to recruit people to work on the ILC physics, accelerator, detector and even theoretical physics

18. CEPC+SppC
For about 8 years, we have been talking about “What can be done after BEPCII in China”
Thanks to the discovery of the low mass Higgs boson, and stimulated by ideas of Circular Higgs Factories in the world, CEPC+SppC configuration was proposed in Sep. 2012
A km tunnel is very affordable in China NOW
Talk at FCC kick-off meeting:

19. Our Thinking
A circular Higgs factory fits our strategic needs in terms of
Science (great & definite physics)
Timing (after BEPCII)
Technological feasibility (experience at BEPC/BEPCII and other machines in the world),
Manpower reality (our hands are free after ~2020)
Economical scale (although slightly too high)
The risk of no-new-physics is complement by a pp collider in the same tunnel
A definite path to the future
A unique position for China to contribute at this moment:
Economical growth  new funding to the community
Large & young population  new blood to the community
Affordable tunnel & infrastructure
If no new project, no new resources  It is a pity if we miss it

20. Usual Questions Realistic ? ILC  Complementary LHC  Complementary
Funding, man power, political issues, technical feasibility, ….
We hope to collaborate with whoever willing to host this machine. Even if the machine is not built in China, the process will help the HEP community
ILC  Complementary
No need to have the Push-pull option
Low energy(up to 250 vs high energy(up to 1
LHC  Complementary
We need to know the Higgs coupling to a great precision
Background, systematics, discovery potential, precision…
Practical issues: too costly ?
BEPC cost/4 y/GDP of China in 1984 
SSC cost/10y/GDP of US in 1992 
LEP cost/8y/GDP of EU in 1984 
LHC cost/10y/GDP of EU in 2004 
ILC cost/8y/GDP of Japan in 2018 
CEPC cost/6y/GDP of China in 2020 
SPPC cost/6y/GDP of China in 2036 
Competition and multiple machines are healthy ingredients of our community

21. Site Preliminary selected: Qinhuangdao (秦皇岛）
Strong support by the local government

22. Beautiful Place for a Science Center
Best beach & cleanest air
Summer capital of China
Starting point of the Great Wall
Wine yard

23. Good Geological Conditions
Base rock type: granite
Base rock depth: m
Seismic intensity: no more than the level 7 (some damage to houses), 0.10g
Earth vibration(RMS, nm):
Zhangjiakou
Huailai
Qinhuangdao
Tianjing
Huairou
1~100hz
~12
~40
~1.9
~470
~60
4~100hz ~7
~14
~0.8
~24
Building the tunnel in granite will have the lowest cost

24. Timeline (dream) CPEC SppC Pre-study, R&D and preparation work
Pre-CDR by the end of 2014 for R&D funding request
R&D:
Engineering Design:
Construction:
Data taking:
SppC
Pre-study:
R&D:
Engineering Design:
Construction:
Data taking:

25. ATLAS & CMS construction Dark matter experiments
Summary
BESIII construction
BESIII physics
CEPC+SppC
ATLAS & CMS construction
ATLAS & CMS physics
ILC
Daya Bay construction
Daya Bay physics
JUNO
Dark matter experiments
ASg & ARGO physics
LHAASO
HXMT construction
HXMT physics
XTP
AMS construction
AMS physics
HERD
2010
2015
2020