1. What do you already know about the periodic table?
Physical Science – SS
What do you already know about the periodic table?
 3 or 4 things.
BONUS: What do you want to know about the Periodic Table?

2. Study it like the cool kids…
The Periodic Table
Study it like the cool kids…

3. 5.1 History of Elements CrashCourse Storytime
1789, Antoine Lavoisier
Contributions?
1860, Demitri Mendeleev
CrashCourse Storytime
Path to the Periodic Table – Build it w/ cards!

4. More discovered and the need to order them increased.
The Search for Order
Until 1750, scientists had identified only 17 elements, mainly metals, such as copper and iron.
More discovered and the need to order them increased.
FIRST ATTEMPT: In 1789, Antoine Lavoisier grouped the known elements into categories he called metals, nonmetals, gases, and earths.
For the next 80 years, scientists looked for different ways to classify the elements. But no system worked for all the known elements.
Solving the puzzle of the periodic table - Eric Rosado (4 minutes)

5. STORY TIME  CC The Periodic Table – First 5 min. tell the story

6. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
(SciSHOW - 4 min.)
How did Mendeleev organize the elements in his periodic table?

7. Play Solitaire Much? Mendeleev’s Proposal
In the 1860s, Dmitri Mendeleev developed an approach for organizing the elements while playing the card game solitaire!
Click to play!
In this game, the player sorts a deck of cards by suit and value.

8. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Mendeleev made a “deck of cards” of the elements, listing an element’s name, mass, and properties on each card.
When Mendeleev lined up the cards in order of increasing mass, a pattern emerged.
…The key was to break the elements into rows.

9. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
The final arrangement was similar to a winning arrangement in solitaire, except that the columns were organized by properties instead of suits. Within a column, the masses increased from top to bottom.
Mendeleev’s chart was a periodic table.
A periodic table is an arrangement of elements in columns, based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row.

10. SS – What is an OCTAVE?
How do octaves work in music?

11. The eight-note interval between any two notes on a keyboard with the same name is an octave. The sounds of musical notes that are separated by an octave are related, but they are not identical. In a similar way, elements in the same column of the modern periodic table are related…but not identical.

12. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Periods
Mendeleev arranged the elements into rows in order of increasing mass so that elements with similar properties were in the same column.
Groups
The genius of Mendeleev's periodic table - Lou Serico TED Ed

13. Periodic Table Lab: Have a go at it!
The Path to the
Periodic Table Lab: Have a go at it!
Answer the pre-lab questions
come show Mr. Hill to get the cards
Use the card to do as Mendeleev did…
Get the rest of the cards
Answer the post-questions with your group
HW – Answer the extension questions

14. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Evidence Supporting Mendeleev’s Table
What evidence helped verify the usefulness of Mendeleev’s table?

15. Evidence Supporting Mendeleev’s Prediction Gaps in the table!
Answer…
Evidence Supporting Mendeleev’s Prediction
Gaps in the table!
Mendeleev was able to predict the properties of an element based on its location in his table.
He used the properties of elements located near the blank spaces in his table to predict properties for undiscovered elements.

16. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table -> Usefulness?
The close match between Mendeleev’s predictions and the actual properties of new elements showed how useful his periodic table could be.

17. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table – Example of Predictability
Mendeleev named missing elements after elements in the same group.
He gave the name “eka-aluminum” to the missing element one space below aluminum in the table.
Mendeleev predicted that “eka-aluminum” would
be a soft metal,
have a low melting point, and
have a density of 5.9 g/cm3.

18. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table - Example of Predictability
In 1875, a French chemist discovered a new element.
He named the element gallium (Ga) in honor of France. (The Latin name for France is Gallia.)
Gallium
is a soft metal,
has a melting point of 29.7°C, and
has a density of 5.91 g/cm3.

19. …Gallium randomness
Heat from a person's hand can melt gallium.
In some traffic signals, there are tiny light emitting diodes (LEDs) that contain a compound of gallium.

20. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Scientists use the periodic table to explain the chemical behavior of different groups of elements.
The discovery of scandium (Sc) in 1879
The discovery of germanium (Ge) in 1886
= More evidence.

21. 5.2 YOUR Periodic Table: Color me CHEMICALLY
Element Gallery Walk  Poster or gSlides

22. ( 2 – 8 – 8 – 18 ) – quantum physics…just know that is what they do
Valence electrons
Octet Rule

23. How is the modern periodic table organized?
The Periodic Law
CrashCourse 6 minutes
How is the modern periodic table organized?

24. Take the Tour!
Take the Tour! – BozemanSci – 9.5 Min.

25. The eight-note interval between any two notes on a keyboard with the same name is an octave. The sounds of musical notes that are separated by an octave are related, but they are not identical. In a similar way, elements in the same column of the modern periodic table are related…but not identical.

26. The Periodic Law
How is the modern periodic table organized?
In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged by increasing atomic number (number of protons).

27. Each row in the table of elements is a period.
The Periodic Law
Periods
Each row in the table of elements is a period.
Hydrogen, the first element in Period 1, has one electron in its first energy level.
Lithium, the first element in Period 2, has one electron in its second energy level.
Sodium, the first element in Period 3, has one electron in its third energy level.
This pattern applies to all the elements in the first column on the table.

28. The Periodic Law
How is the modern periodic table organized?
In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged by increasing atomic number (number of protons).
Properties of elements repeat in a predictable way when atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into groups.

29. Each column in the periodic table is called a group.
The Periodic Law
Groups
Each column in the periodic table is called a group.
The elements in a group have similar electron configurations, so members of a group in the periodic table have similar chemical properties.
This pattern of repeating properties is the periodic law.

30. The Periodic Law
The modern periodic table is based on atomic number, or number of protons.

31. Meet the 4 Newest Elements! (5 min.)

32. Label the parts of this Periodic Block - Cl
Review…
Label the parts of this Periodic Block - Cl
There are four pieces of information for each element.

33. There are four pieces of information for each element.
Atomic Mass
There are four pieces of information for each element.
Atomic number
Element symbol
Element name
Atomic mass

34. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are there in each element?
Practice HERE!
Review: What is an isotope? How is it different than other atoms of the same element?

35. NOVA: Hunting the Elements
50 Questions; Video Handout
Notes sentences new information.

36. NOBLE METALS = precious metals

37. What categories are used to classify elements on the periodic table?
Classes of Elements
What categories are used to classify elements on the periodic table?

38. metals nonmetals metalloids. Classes of Elements
Elements are classified as:
metals
nonmetals
metalloids.

39. Three different ways to classify elements in the P-Table
Classifying Elements
Three different ways to classify elements in the P-Table
State: solid—black symbol, liquid—purple symbol, or gas—red symbol
Occurrence in nature: elements that do not occur naturally—white symbol.
General properties: metal—blue background, nonmetal—yellow background, or metalloid—green background

40. METAL – NONMETAL - METALLOID

41. Which is which?
METAL METALOIDS OR NONMETALS

42. METAL - NONMETAL - METALLOID?

43. Metals *Most common type
Metals are elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat.
Except for mercury, metals are solids at room temperature.
Most metals are malleable.
Many metals are ductile; that is, they can be drawn into thin wires.

44. Classes of Elements
The metals in groups 3 through 12 are called transition metals. Transition metals are elements that form a bridge between the elements on the left and right sides of the table.
Transition elements, such as copper and silver, were among the first elements discovered.
One property of many transition metals is their ability to form compounds with distinctive colors.

45. Metals Nonmetal ERBIUM + Oxygen LANTHANIDES
A compound used to tint the pink glass lenses.
Elton John’s Dog?

46. Classes of Elements: Nonmetals
Nonmetals generally have properties opposite to those of metals.
Nonmetals are elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current.
Nonmetals have low boiling points–many nonmetals are gases at room temperature.
Nonmetals that are solids at room temperature tend to be brittle. If they are hit with a hammer, they shatter or crumble. (AKA not malleable)
Fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal.
*Some toothpastes use a compound of the nonmetal fluorine and the metal sodium to help prevent tooth decay.

47. Nonmetals: NOBLE Gases
The gases in Group 18 are the least reactive elements in the table.

48. Metalloids
Metalloid elements are located on the periodic table between metals and nonmetals.
Metalloids are elements with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals.
For example, a metalloid’s ability to conduct electric current varies with temperature. Silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) are good insulators at low temperatures and good conductors at high temperatures.

49. Variations Across a Period
How do properties vary across a period in the periodic table?

50. Variations Across a Period
Across a period from left to right, the elements become less metallic and more nonmetallic in their properties.

51. Variations Across a Period
From left to right across Period 3, there are three metals (Na, Mg, and Al), one metalloid (Si), and four nonmetals (P, S, Cl, and Ar).

52. Variations Across a Period
Sodium reacts violently with water.
Magnesium will not react with water unless the water is hot.
Aluminum does not react with water, but it does react with oxygen.
Silicon is generally unreactive.
Phosphorus and sulfur do not react with water, but they do react with oxygen.
Chlorine is highly reactive.
Argon hardly reacts at all.

54. Use your periodic table: What are 2 elements that are liquid at room temperature and what are 2 elements that are synthetic?

58. Assessment Questions 5.1
In Mendeleev’s periodic table, elements with similar properties were grouped
in the same row.
in the same column.
in diagonal lines that run from top left to the bottom right.
in pairs of two.

59. Assessment Questions 5.1
In Mendeleev’s periodic table, elements with similar properties were grouped
in the same row.
in the same column.
in diagonal lines that run from top left to the bottom right.
in pairs of two. ANS: B

60. Assessment Questions 5.1
For which element did Mendeleev correctly predict the properties even before it had been discovered?
gallium
hydrogen
bromine
aluminum

61. Assessment Questions 5.1
For which element did Mendeleev correctly predict the properties even before it had been discovered?
gallium
hydrogen
bromine
aluminum
ANS: A

62. Assessment Questions Ch 4 Review
What determines the atomic mass of an element?
the natural distribution of isotopes and the atomic numbers of those isotopes
the natural distribution of isotopes and the masses of those isotopes
the mass of the isotope of the element that has the most neutrons
the average number of protons in the element’s nucleus

63. Assessment Questions Ch 4 Review
What determines the atomic mass of an element?
the natural distribution of isotopes and the atomic numbers of those isotopes
the natural distribution of isotopes and the masses of those isotopes
the mass of the isotope of the element that has the most neutrons
the average number of protons in the element’s nucleus ANS: B

64. Which of the following is not characteristic of metals?
Assessment Questions 5.2
Which of the following is not characteristic of metals?
ductile
good electrical conductor
typically solid at room temperature
brittle

65. Which of the following is not characteristic of metals?
Assessment Questions 5.2
Which of the following is not characteristic of metals?
ductile
good electrical conductor
typically solid at room temperature
brittle
ANS: D

66. Assessment Questions 5.2
Within a period of the periodic table, how do the properties of the elements vary?
Metallic characteristics increase from left to right.
Metallic characteristics decrease from left to right.
Reactivity increases from left to right.
Reactivity decreases from left to right.

67. Assessment Questions 5.2
Within a period of the periodic table, how do the properties of the elements vary?
Metallic characteristics increase from left to right.
Metallic characteristics decrease from left to right.
Reactivity increases from left to right.
Reactivity decreases from left to right. ANS: B

68. Assessment Questions 5.2
In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass. True False

69. Assessment Questions 5.2
In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass. True False
ANS: F, atomic number

70. I covered this in the last chapter…good to use for review if there is time. It is from 5.2 Remember the beanium isotope lab?

71. Atomic Mass
What does the atomic mass of an element depend on?
Atomic mass is a value that depends on the distribution of an element’s isotopes in nature and the masses of those isotopes.
weight Average Mass based on % abundance

72. Atomic Mass Atomic Mass Units
The mass of an atom in grams is extremely small. In order to have a convenient way to compare the masses of atoms, scientists chose one isotope to serve as a standard.
Scientists assigned 12 atomic mass units to the carbon-12 atom, which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons.
An atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

73. Label the parts of this Periodic Block - Cl
There are four pieces of information for each element.

74. There are four pieces of information for each element.
Atomic Mass
There are four pieces of information for each element.
Atomic number

75. There are four pieces of information for each element.
Atomic Mass
There are four pieces of information for each element.
Atomic number
Element symbol

76. There are four pieces of information for each element.
Atomic Mass
There are four pieces of information for each element.
Atomic number
Element symbol
Element name

77. There are four pieces of information for each element.
Atomic Mass
There are four pieces of information for each element.
Atomic number
Element symbol
Element name
Atomic mass

78. Atomic Mass Isotopes of Chlorine
In nature, most elements exist as a mixture of two or more isotopes. The element chlorine has an atomic mass of amu. Where does the number come from?
There are two natural isotopes of chlorine, chlorine-35 and chlorine-37.
An atom of chlorine-35 has 17 protons and 18 neutrons.
An atom of chlorine-37 has 17 protons and 20 neutrons.

79. Atomic Mass Weighted Averages
This table shows the atomic masses for the two naturally occurring chlorine isotopes. The value of the atomic mass for chlorine is a weighted average. If you add the atomic masses of the isotopes and divide by 2, you get , not