1. Matter

2. Chemistry is
…the study of the composition, structure and properties of MATTER, the changes which matter undergoes and the energy that accompanies these changes.

3. EVERYTHING that is made of atoms!
What is matter?
EVERYTHING that is made of atoms!
What is not matter? Energy: heat, light, sound. . .

4. Atom Neutral particles Consists of subatomic particles
Protons, neutrons & electrons

5. 2 Categories of Matter Substance Mixture
Element
Collection of the same type of atom
Cannot be decomposed
Compound
2 or more different atoms chemically bonded together.
Physical combination elements and/or compounds or both.
USUALLY heterogeneous

6. Elements are represented with symbols DIATOMIC Elements
The simplest form of these elements is a pair of atoms
Go to 7 and
make a 7. Don’t
forget Hydrogen!

8. Characteristics of a Compound
Individual atoms lose their original properties after bonding
Composition is fixed
can be decomposed / broken down

9. Compound vs. Molecule
Molecule: applies only to bonded non-metal atoms

10. H2O O2
CO2
C6H12O6
NaCl
Which are molecules?
Which are compounds?

11. H2O O2 CO2 C6H12O6 NaCl Molecule & compound Molecule ONLY
IONIC compound

12. Element? Compound? Mixture? Substance?

13. Answer: Mixture of elements

14. Element? Compound? Mixture? Substance?

15. Answer: Compound and Substance

16. ?

17. Ans: mixture of compounds

18. ???????

19. Substance and element

20. SOLUTION NaCl(s) + H2O(l)  NaCl(aq) Only mixture that is homogeneous
solute
solvent
aqueous solution
Other solutions include Air (mixture of gases: N2, O2, CO2) &
Alloys (mixture of metals: steel, brass & bronze)

21. Physical vs. Chemical

22. Physical Properties & Changes
determined without changing the chemical composition of the substance
Examples….
Color, shape, odor, malleability, brittleness, does it conduct electricity, does it conduct heat?
state of matter (s), (l), (g)
Melting point, boiling point…
mass
volume
density D = m/v

23. …and
absorption angular momentum area capacitance concentration dielectric ductility distribution efficacy elasticity electric charge electrical impedance
fluidity
frequency
inductance
Intrinsic impedance
Intensity
irradiance
length
location
luminance
luminescence
luster
magnetic field
magnetic flux
momentum
opacity
permeability
permittivity
plasticity
radiance
resistivity
reflectivity
refractive index
spin
solubility
specific heat
strength
temperature
tension
viscosity

24. Can be intensive or extensive
DON’T depend on sample size
useful in identifying substances
Ex. density
DO depend on sample size
volume
weight
mass

25. Chemical Properties
determined during a chemical reaction with another substance
Ex. Is it toxic, is it flammable, does it rust, does it tarnish, does it corrode…?

26. Chemical Change/ Chemical Reaction
Results in the rearrangement of atoms to form a new substance
BUT!!! We can’t see atoms so how do we know a chemical reaction has taken place?

27. The End