1. Human intellect

2. Introduction
Signs of intelligence in animals surprise us precisely because they arenot expected
Intelligence as essential characteristic of abstraction and generalisation
Man can explain expressions of intelligent actions through language

3. Brain
The relationship between brain and the mind(intellect) is that of a physical organ at the service of spiritual power
The brain is a biological machine, pre-programmed from conception in the genetic code. It serves as the control center for all physical, cognitive and emotional activities and spontaneous activities in the body

4. Independence of the mind
Once the abstraction of the image is over, the mind can then function independently of the brain in the subsequent operations of judging and reasoning
The mind is the rational part of a person while the brain is the physical or biological component.

5. Characteristics of a rational being
Can think
Can make personal decisions
Somaticity- thinking being with a body
Transcended
Spirituality

6. Object of the intellect
Truth is something principally attributed to judgements of our understanding
Reality is the validating factor in truth
Intellect enables one to understand reality, and the more the grasp of reality the more intelligent is the person

7. What is intellect Latin word intus-legere meaning to read into
The intellect reads into the nature of things and ask what is this.
Its is only humans who are capable of asking and seek to know the nature of things because they are intelligent beings

8. Proof for existence of intellectual knowledge
Man has ideas of goodness, of virtue, sport, work, society which do not refer to anything material or concrete but something universal and abstract .
Capacity to judge and reason (we get science whereby man knows how to coordinate his knowledge in systematic form)

9. Origin of intellective knowledge
What is the source which generates ideas, makes judgments, reasons and orders groups of knowledge in our minds?
Platonics- Received from superior source
Aristotelians and kantians- fruit of action of human intellect

10. Process of understanding
Thought begins as an act and remains and grows as a habit
The thought process takes places in three levels
Abstraction
Judgement
Reasoning

11. Abstraction It is the formation of concepts of ideas.
Concepts are devoid of any materiality
Numbers are abstract concepts
Language is an expression of concepts and not the other way round

12. Application of concepts
Universally- all men
Particularity – these or some men
Singularly – this man

13. Judgement
In a judgement we compose or divide according to the real union of things and we affirm something is or isnot
A judgement is noted by a subject and predicate
We combine concepts

14. Reasoning
It is the movement of the mind whereby starting with several judgements which we relate to one another, we arrive at a new judgement which necessarily follows from the preceding ones eg through syllogism

15. Knowledge
In the act of understanding there is a certain possession of the known (the object) by the senses and the mind
Knowledge is the possession of the known by the knower

16. Sensitive knowledge Is the knowledge of the senses
My eyes possess color
Each of the senses possess some knowledge

17. Conceptual knowledge
Concept- interior representation of the thing/being and is possessed in the mind
In this knowlegde idea is formed
Idea- is an interior sign-word – of the being experinced
Intelligence- the capacity to produce ideas

18. Reflexive knowledge (consciousness)
Man is the only being who knows and can know that he knows.
Man is aware about the thought process
Reflexive is a way of attaining truth

19. What is truth?
At the end of the thinking process truth is formed. The main aim of thinking is to know truth.

20. What is this?

21. Definition
Truth is the conformance of the mind with reality-the beginning point of the reflexive process is reality. Truth expresses reality faithfully (Alvira, Clavell, & Melendo, 1982, p. 151).

22. Types of truth
In the definition of truth, there is truth in the mind (logical truth) and reality (ontological truth).

23. Logical truth /rational
The conformity of the intellect to things, conforming itself to that which they are, is logical truth or truth of the mind, for which we say that the mind is true.
The logical truth in my mind agrees with reality

24. Ontological truth/in reality
Ontological truth is the conformity of some beings to some intelligence. It is important to state that this type of truth does not depend on the fact that they be known. It should conform to the mind of the creator. The truth of the beauty of the Mona Lisa is fully known by its painter-its creator. Thus the painting, ontologically, needs to conform to the mind of the originator. Ontological truth is truth outside the subject, i.e. objective truth.

26. Immateriality of the intellect
The actions which my mind performs are not material. The process of abstraction, judgment and reasoning are not physical actions.
The thinking process is limitless. One cannot reach the end of thinking, neither can one say he knows enough and the mind is full of concepts

27. Immateriality of the intellect
The perceived object is immaterial (nature of object)
Can deny things it perceives – through reflection

28. The mind understands the intelligible aspects of being, the nature of beings.
Apart from its limitless nature, the development of the mind is continuous and does not have any limit.
The mind, as a rational faculty, can deny things that it perceives

29. Intelligence quotient IQ
Intelligence quotient refers to the capacity of an individual to abstract and read into the nature of things, including his ability to analyze ideas.

30. Emotional intelligence
Refers to competence to identify and express emotions , understand emotions, assimilate emotions in thought and regulate both positive and negative emotions in the self and others
Roles- think in the right way
- understand others, reason with others, network with others

31. A person with emotional intelligence is able not only to think in the right way, but is able to understand others (empathetic), can feel what they feel, can reason with others and can use this in making decisions which are mutually beneficial to all.

32. Emotional intelligence entails four aspects:
i) identification of emotions
ii) reflection on these emotions and how they impact thinking and relating with others
iii) monitoring emotions
iv) management of emotions through appraisal and expression of emotions in the right way.

33. Trends about truth
People who tend to relativize truth can say that truth is an individual matter (liberalism), truth depends on what society defines truth to be (social constructivism), truth depends on the structures (structuralism) or truth comes from within and the categories I have (immanentism).

34. Current trends on truth and its objectivity
Debate since Rene Descartes ‘ i think therefore i am’
Truth as a fad which changes with time
Truth as social construct
Truth as individual take

35. How we error Truth is what it is
Error takes place in the perception of what a being is, and not in reality- nature of a being
One can make an error in mind but nature remains what it is
The nature of things should be the basis for objectivity and deciding the correctness of things