1. Underlying Causes of the Civil War
The primary underlying cause of the Civil War was the issue of slavery, brought into focus by continued American expansion
The secondary underlying cause of the Civil War was the issue of “states’ rights” - was the United States one and inseparable, or merely a confederation of independent states (The Southern View, even today)

2. Underlying Causes of the Civil War - Slavery
The South’s “Peculiar Institution,” and the foundation of her economy
Led to increasing political and economic isolation - the South against the alliance of North and West
A moral abomination

3. Slavery

4. Slavery

5. Underlying Causes of the Civil War - States’ Rights
An issue unresolved by the Constitutional Convention
The call for secession (dissolution of the Union) had appeared before
Kentucky and Virginia Resolves
Hartford Convention
Debate over Missouri
Nullification Crisis

6. Immediate Causes of the Civil War - Slavery
Debate over the Compromise of 1850
Unpopularity of the Fugitive Slave Act
Increasing activity by Abolitionists after the Underground Railroad

7. Immediate Causes of the Civil War - Slavery
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Slaves are property, and cannot sue
The Federal Government cannot restrict the ownership of property
All laws doing so are unconstitutional

8. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Dred Scott

9. Immediate Causes of the Civil War - Slavery
The application of the doctrine of “popular sovereignty” fails in Kansas and Nebraska, resulting in open warfare by 1854.
The Lincoln-Douglas debates focus the issue in 1856

10. Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

11. Immediate Causes of the Civil War - Slavery
Politicization of the Slavery Issue
Republican Party formed in 1848, dedicated to restriction of slavery from the territories
The Slavery Issue divides the Democratic Party in 1860, resulting in a Republican victory. The South secedes with Lincoln’s election

12. Civil War Strategy

13. The Civil War - Key Battles in the East
October John Brown’s Raid at Harper’s Ferry
12 April Firing on Fort Sumter
21 July First Bull Run
March through May Peninsula Campaign. Lee takes command
19 Sep Battle of Antietam leads to the Emancipation Proclamation

14. The Emancipation Proclamation

15. The Emancipation Proclamation
Most significant document of the American Civil War
Did not free a single slave in the North or Border States, only in those areas still in rebellion (the Confederacy)
Eliminated any possibility of foreign assistance to the Confederacy
Changed the moral objective of the War

16. The Emancipation Proclamation

17. The Civil War - Key Battles in the East (cont..)
17 December Fredericksburg
3-5 May Chancellorsville
1-3 July Gettysburg, the Turning Point of the War in the east
May 1864 until 9 April Wilderness Campaign, Siege of Petersburg, and eventual surrender of Lee at Appomattox

18. Civil War – 1861 to 1862

19. The Civil War - Key Battles in the West
February Forts Henry and Donelson
6-7 April Shiloh
4 July Fall of Vicksburg
November Chattanooga falls
2 September Atlanta falls
November - December Sherman’s March to the Sea, then into North Carolina

20. Civil War – 1863 to 1865

21. The Civil War - Results
Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater, 14 April 1865
Over 627,000 dead
The South totally destroyed
The Union “saved”, slavery ended, but the issues of equality remained unresolved

22. The Leaders

23. Union Generals

24. Union Generals

25. Confederate Generals

26. Confederate Generals

27. The Soldiers

28. The Soldiers

29. Casualties

30. Casualties

31. Columbia, SC

32. Charleston, SC

33. Richmond, VA

34. Atlanta, GA

35. Assassination
Execution of Conspirators
John Wilkes Booth