1. Put these on the back of your table
Periodic Table Notes
Put these on the back of your table

2. Columns (vertical) Rows (horizontal) # 1-18 (groups or families)
Have similar but not identical properties
Rows (horizontal)
#1-7 (periods)
Elements in a period are not alike in properties
Patterns from left to right
First elements in column (left) very reactive
Last elements in column (right) always an un-reactive gas
Elements become less metallic from left to right

3. Valence
Valence number is the number of electrons in the outermost energy level. This number will indicate how many bonds an elements is able to make.
Roman numeral number on periodic table
Family
1= 1 v.e. 14 = 4 v.e. 17= 7 v.e.
2= 2 v.e. 15 = 5 v.e. 18 = 8 v.e.
13 = 3 v.e. 16 = 6 v.e.

4. Metals (95 of 118 elements) middle/left side of periodic table
Properties
Luster, ductility (ability to bend into a wire), malleability (ability to pound into thin sheets), good conductors of heat and electricity
Valence of 1,2,3,4. Tend to lose electrons (thus becoming cations
Most “corrode”- react chemically

5. Nonmetals (right side of periodic table)
Properties
No luster, dull, do not conduct heat/electricity
Brittle- break easily, not ductile or malleable
Valence # 5,6,7,8 will gain 3,2, or 1 electron (s), thus becoming an anion

6. Metalloids- both sides of the zigzag line on the periodic table
Properties
Properties of both metals and nonmetals
Solids can be dull or shiny
Will conduct electricity/heat, but not as well as metals

7. Rare Earth elements (transition metals)
Lanthanoid series
Soft, high luster and conductivity
Actinoid series
All radioactive, all except for first 4 are manmade

8. Alkali Metals (family 1) BROWN
Valence number of 1. Very reactive, especially with water
So reactive, that if touched they will burn skin
Easily form salts with halogens. They are never found in their pure forms in nature.
Soft, silver-white, low melting points. Good conductors.
Each metal gives off a different color when burned. (Li=crimson color, Na= yellow, K=violet, Rb= red/violet, Cs=blue.)

9. Alkali Metals cont…
Little is known about Fr because it is so rare and radioactive
Uses= Li-grease/lubricants, aircraft parts, and batteries. Na= salt, gasoline. K- fertilizer, photography (more expensive than Na, so is less widely used.

10. Alkaline Earth Metals (family 2) ORANGE
Valence of 2-lose electrons, not as reactive as family 1
Soft silver-white, high melting points, high densities. Reactive and will react with water.
Will oxidize or tarnish in the air
Never found in pure forms.
Good conductor of electricity.
Each element burns a different color Mg=white, Ca=orange/red, Sr= bright red, Ba= yellow/green, Ra= crimson

11. Alkaline Earth metals cont..
Uses= fireworks, Be is often added to other metals to make hard metal alloys, rocket cones, and nuclear reactors. Mg= aircraft and photographic equipment. Ca= used with other metals to make reactive alloys. Ra= radioactive so used in cancer treatment.

12. Transition elements/ Metals (family 3-12) PINK
Largest family on the periodic table. All are metals.
Most are hard, strong, shiny metals with high melting and boiling points. (Hg is the exception, since it is liquid at room temperature)
Most are good conductors of heat/electricity
Most will dissolve in acid (Au is the exception because it resists acids)

13. Transition Metals cont…
Most can bond with oxygen in more than one way making different compounds (ex. Fe bonds with O to form the ores hermanite and magnetite)
Most are ductile and malleable
Uses= due to their ability to form strong metal alloys, ductility, and malleability these elements are used in construction materials, pipes, wires, coins, jewelry, aircraft, cars, bicycles, cooking utensils etc…
Widely used compounds such as cleaners, catalytic converters and added to paint for color.

14. Boron Family (family 13) BLUE and PURPLE
Valence of 3 electrons. B= metalloid, Al most abundant metal and is the 3rd most abundant element in the Earth’s crust.
Carbon Family ( family 14) GREEN, BLUE, PURPLE
Valence of 4 electrons, Carbon is basis of life and makes carbon compounds like sugars and starches
Si (metalloid) is 2nd most abundant element in Earth’s crust, used for glass, cement and electronics

15. Nitrogen Family (family 15) GREEN, BLUE, and PURPLE
Valence of 5 electrons. N makes up 78% of the atmosphere. Stable and not easily bonded with others. Used for fertilizers, explosives, medicines, and dyes.
Oxygen Family (family 16) GREEN and BLUE
Valence of 6 electrons. O is most abundant element in Earth’s crust, 2nd most abundant in atmosphere. O will combine with almost every other element. O3 is ozone( protective layer of atmosphere)

16. Halogen Family (family 17) PEACH
Valence of 7 electrons, family of poisonous non-metals, very reactive, never found in their pure form. Reactivity decreases as atomic number increases.
Poor conductors of electricity. Will combine with alkali metals to form a family of salts

17. Halogens cont…
Uses= F added to toothpaste and water to prevent tooth decay. Will combine to form nuclear fuel. Cl used in bleach and salts. Br is a gasoline additive, photo developer, fire retardant, kills germs in water. I added to salts to reduce thyroid disease, film developer disinfectant. At is very rare and radioactive with no uses

18. Noble Gases (family 18) YELLOW
Valence of 8 electrons, all are colorless, odorless, and tasteless gases.
Extremely un-reactive. He, Ne, Ar will not combine with other elements. Xe, Kr, Rn will combine, but its difficult.
When electric current is passed through Neon it glows.
He is lighter than air and floats.