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LIVING AND DYING IN PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION

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Presentation on theme: "LIVING AND DYING IN PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION"— Presentation transcript:

1 LIVING AND DYING IN PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION
Robert F. Phalen, Ph.D. University of California, Irvine Professor: Dept. of Medicine, Faculty: Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine Co-Director: Air Pollution Health Effects Laboratory America First Energy Conference | The Heartland Institute Houston Texas, November 9, 2017

2 OUTLINE What is PM? The Death of John Doe PM as an Air Pollutant Remarks

3 MY BACKGROUND Tulsa – The Former Oil Capital of the World
San Diego State U. of Rochester, Lovelace U.C. Irvine – The Oil Embargo and ARB 200 + Particle and Gas Toxicology Studies International Conferences on PM and Human Health Committees – NRC, NIH, NIOSH, EPA, IRB, etc.

4 WHAT IS PM? NAAQS Criteria Pollutant Particulate Matter (Mass)
Weight Below Either 10 or 2.5 m Diam. Cutoff Composition Not Considered Variable in Space, Time, & Composition Mixed Natural and Anthropogenic Material 25% Deposits in Lung

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7 JOHN DOE

8 JOHN DOE’S RISK FACTORS
Age, overweight, older adult Cardiovascular disease, diabetic URT infection Anxiety, unemployed Poor physical/mental status Heat wave inversion, no AC

9 THE DAY JOHN DIED Truck drove by Dog chased truck John chased dog uphill John collapsed and Died in ER, MI

10 WHAT KILLED JOHN? PM 2.5 URT infection cigarettes pollen Obesity, CVD, and exertion Diabetes Anxiety, stress Low socioeconomic status etc.

11 PREVENTING HIS DEATH? Tighten air Quality Standards Re-route traffic Improve John’s general health Reduce cost of air conditioning Improve John’s socioeconomic status etc.

12 PM AS A METRIC - 1 Not chemically defined Not stable in time or place Mixed man-made and natural pollutants Doses are miniscule

13 PM AS A METRIC - 2 Several no-effect epi studies Very expensive to meet regulations Controls have public health tradeoffs Controls can have unpredictable effects on air chemistry

14 REMARKS PM is a poor metric PM 2.5 alone didn’t kill John Do risk analysis on decisions, not a single pollutant Consider all consequences of a decision

15 References: Enstrom, J.E., (2017), Fine Particulate Matter and Total Mortality in Cancer Prevention Study Cohort Reanalysis, Dose-Response, 15(1), DOI: / Graham, J.D., and Wiener, J.B., editors, (1995), Risk vs Risk: Tradeoffs in Protecting Health and the Environment, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Hiatt, R.A., et. al., Controlled Human Inhalation – Exposure Studies at EPA, National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2017. National Research Council of the National Academies, (2009), Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment, National Academies Press, Washington, DC. Phalen, R.F., (2002), The Particulate Air Pollution Controversy: A Case Study and Lessons Learned, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA. Phalen, R.F., (2009), Inhalation Studies: Foundations and Techniques, 2nd Edn, Informa, New York, NY. Phalen, R.F., and Phalen, R.N., (2013), Introduction to Air Pollution Science: A Public Health Perspective, Jones and Bartlett Learning, Burlington, MA. Phalen, R.F., (2017), Core Ethics for Health Professionals: Principles, Issues, and Compliance, Springer Publishing Company, New York, NY.


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