1. Transmission-based isolation precautions

2. Transmission-based isolation precautions
Methods of caring for pts who have a communicable disease.
Communicable disease=disease caused by a pathogen that can be easily transmitted to others

3. Transmission-based isolation
Epidemic=occurs when communicable disease spreads rapidly from person to person and affects a large number of people at the same time

4. Transmission-based isolation
Pandemic=when the outbreak of disease occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a high proportion of the population.

5. Transmission-based isolation precautions
Standard precautions are used on ALL pts
Transmission-based isolation techniques provide extra protection against specific diseases or pathogens to prevent their spread
Type of isolation used is based on the causative organism, the way the organisms is transmitted, and whether it is antibiotic resistant

6. Transmission-based isolation precautions
PPE (personal protective equipment) is used to provide protection from pathogens

7. Transmission-based isolation precautions
Objects are either contaminated or clean
Contaminated=dirty, pathogens are present
These objects must not be touched unless the HCW is protected by PPE
The outside and waist ties of the gown, gloves, and mask are considered contaminated

8. Transmission-based isolation
Clean=objects do not contain pathogens and have minimal chance of spreading the disease
Inside of: gloves, gown, neckband and its ties, and mask and its ties are considered clean

9. Transmission-based isolation
4 main types of precautions:
Standard
Airborne
Droplet
Contact

10. Standard precautions Used on ALL pts
Treat all blood and body fluids as if they were infectious regardless of the pt’s disease or diagnosis.
Use appropriate PPE to protect yourself from blood and body fluids.

11. Airborne precautions
Used for pts known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei
Airborne droplet nuclei are small particles of evaporated droplets that contain microorganisms & remain suspended in the air or on dust particles
Examples: measles, chicken pox, tuberculosis

12. Airborne precautions
In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:
Pt placed in a private room with door closed
Air in room must be discharged to outdoor air or filtered before being recirculated
HCW must wear N95 mask

13. Airborne precautions
In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:
People susceptible to measles or chicken pox shouldn’t enter pt room
Pt should only be taken out of the room if necessary and must wear a surgical mask during transport

14. N95 mask surgical mask

15. Droplet precautions
Used for pts known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing
Examples: meningitis, pneumonia, diphtheria, pertussis, mumps, influenza

16. Droplet precautions
In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:
Pt placed in a private room or in a room with a pt who has the same active infection
Surgical Mask must be worn when you are within 3 feet of the patient
If transport of the pt is essential, the pt must wear a surgical mask

17. Contact precautions
Used for pts known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms that can be transmitted by either direct and indirect contact and can spread rapidly from person to person
Examples: multidrug-resistant organisms that can cause GI, respiratory, skin, or wound infections; hepatitis A; rotavirus; lice

18. Contact precautions
In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:
Pt placed in a private room or in a room with a pt who has the same active infection
Gloves must be worn when entering the room
Gloves must be changed after contamination

19. Contact precautions
In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:
Gloves must be removed before leaving the room and hands washed

20. Contact precautions
In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:
Gown must be worn if there is a chance of contact with the pt, environmental surfaces, or items in the room. Gowns must be removed before leaving the room.

21. Contact precautions Pt transport should be for essential purposes only
In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:
Pt transport should be for essential purposes only
The room and items in it must receive daily cleaning and disinfection
Patient-care equipment should be left in the room and only used for that pt if possible (example: stethoscope)

22. Protective or reverse isolation
Methods used to protect certain pts from organisms present in the environment
Used for immunocompromised pts whose body defenses are not capable of protecting them from infections
Examples: severely burned pts, chemo pts, transplant pts whose immune systems have been depressed prior to receiving transplants

23. Protective or reverse isolation
In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:
Pt placed in a room that has been cleaned and disinfected & continues to receives frequent disinfection while the pt occupies it
Anyone entering the room must wear gown, gloves, and mask

24. Protective or reverse isolation
In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:
All equipment brought into room must be clean, disinfected, or sterile
Special filters may be used to purify the room air