1. Ionic Bonding
Lesson 6

2. Chemicals are everywhere
Every kind of substance that you can think of is made of a type of chemical or mixture of chemicals.
Water is a chemical, and the air you breathe is a mixture of chemicals.

3. Compounds
A compound is a pure substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined.
All compounds have properties that make them potentially useful as well as hazardous.
Understanding the properties of compounds gives us the knowledge to make use of compounds safely and responsibly.

4. Two Types of Compounds
A small change in the way the atoms combine can make a big difference in the chemical and physical properties of compounds. Although millions of compounds have been discovered, almost all of them can be classified as one of two types: ionic or molecular.

5. Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds are formed by combining metals with non-metals in fixed proportions. An ionic compound is formed when one or more valence electrons are transferred from a metal atom to a non-metal atom.

6. Ionic Compounds
This leaves the metal ion as a cation and the non-metal ion as a anion. The two oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other by a force called a ionic bond.
The smallest amount of substance that has the composition given by its chemical formula is the formula

7. Ionic Compounds
Sodium chloride
NaCl is a 1:1 ratio

8. Ionic Compounds
Magnesium chloride
MgCl2 is a 1:2 ratio.

9. Ionic properties
Ionic compounds are solids at SATP. In their solid form they form solid ionic crystals. These are more commonly known as salts

10. Ionic properties
This structure provides ionic compounds with the general properties of high MP, BP and hardness. It takes a lot of energy to break the bonds between the ions.
Any movement results in shift in where the ions are lined up and thus the like charges repel each other and the compound breaks. This explains why many ionic compounds are brittle.

11. how an ionic bond forms:
Example- Li Li + F F -

12. how an ionic bond forms:
Example 2 O Na Na Na O Na

13. More examples on board

14. The Cross over rule
This rule allows you to figure out how many atoms you will need of each element for bonding to occur without the need to draw Bohr diagrams

15. The Cross over rule Step 1.
Write the symbols, with the metal first (the element with the positive charge)
Mg I

16. The Cross over rule Step 2
Write the Ionic charge above each symbol to indicate the stable ion that each element
Mg I

17. The Cross over rule Step 3
Draw an arrow from the metals charge to the non-metal and an arrow from the non-metal charge to the metal. (Cross over the arrows)
2+ +
Mg I

18. The Cross over rule Step 4
Fill in the number of atoms from each element will have by following the arrows.
If need be reduce to lowest terms (in other words, if they are the same number, you don’t write those numbers down because you could divide the whole molecule by that number which would = 1)
MgI2 (if the number crossed is a 1, the 1 is not shown)

19. Ionic Bonding Worksheet
This will be handed in for marks