1. Isomers & Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry

2. Organic Chemistry
Isomers:
Compounds that have the same ____________________________ but different ___________________

3. Organic Chemistry
What are isomers?
Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of the _______________________________________
That excludes any different arrangements which are simply due to the molecule _________________________, or rotating about particular ____________.

4. Structural Isomers 1-butene 2-butene 2-methylpropene cyclobutane
methylcyclopropane
All have the molecular formula _______

5. Physical Properties of Structural Isomers
Different structural arrangement can result in very different _________________________

6. Drawing Isomers Step 1 – Draw the longest continuous chain
Step 2 – Remove one carbon from the chain and attach it as a methyl group in as many locations as possible
Step 3 – Remove another carbon atom from the main chain and attach as another alkyl group

7. Try Some Draw isomers for C4H10 Practice Naming!!
Butane and 2-methylpropane

8. Try some
Example: C5H12

9. Cis-Trans Isomers Double Bonds do not rotate freely!
Introducing a new type of isomer!

10. Cis-Trans Isomers
Only occur with _______________________________________
This is because double and triple bonds do ______________freely
In ________________________, rotation can occur freely and cis-trans isomers do not form

11. Formation of Cis-Trans Isomers
Single bond can rotate
YES
Double bond
cannot rotate

12. Cis-Trans Isomers
Two isomers are possible when groups are attached to the double bond.
In a cis isomer, groups are attached on the _______________________of the double bond.
________________________
In the trans isomer, the groups are attached on ______________________.

13. Naming Cis-Trans Isomers
The prefixes cis or trans are placed in front of the alkene name when there are cis-trans isomers.
cis-1,2-dibromoethene trans-1,2dibromoethene

14. Functional Groups
Functional groups are ____________________________________________________found within molecules that are involved in the chemical reactions characteristic of those molecules.
Hence the name, they are simply groups of atoms that can be attached to a hydrocarbon chain and have a specific _______________________________
This allows for different characteristics, reactions, etc.
Functional groups can pertain to any molecules, but you will usually hear about them in the context of organic chemistry.
The symbol _____ refers to a hydrogen or hydrocarbon side chain that is attached to a functional group

15. Functional Groups Type Structure Functional group R-F (Cl, Br, or I)
R-OH
R-O-R O
R-C-H
R-C-R װ װ

16. Functional Groups Type Structure Functional group O R-C-OH R-C-O-R
R-NH2
R-C-NH2 װ װ װ