1. Aim: How did individual leaders influence movements for independence in Latin America?

2. LATIN AMERICA WHAT DO YOUY ALREADY KNOW ABOUT LATIN AMERICA?
Geography/climate
Early history
Colonial rule

3. GEOGRAPHY EARLY HISTORY
Everything south of U.S. in western hemisphere
Andes Mts.
Amazon rainforest
Barrier, regionalism
Climate – mostly tropic
EARLY HISTORY
Pre-Columbian civilizations
Mayas
Aztecs
Incas
Complex societies
COLONIAL RULE
Spain, Portugal
Conquistadors
Treaty of Tordesillas
Mercantilism
Encomienda system
Influence of Catholic church
Rigid social class system
Slave trade

8. SOCIAL CLASS SYSTEM COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA

9. Aim: Why was Latin America ready for independence by the 1800s?
DO NOW:
Who were the conquistadors? What impact did they have on Latin America?
What is mercantilism?
Describe the encomienda system.
What do you remember about the social class system in colonial Latin America?

10. LATIN AMERICA 1800S PARAGRAPH: CAUSE AND EFFECT
How did the Enlightenment, American Revolution, and the French Revolution help to bring about movements for independence in Latin America?

11. WINNING INDEPENDENCE UNREST IN COLONIES Why? Enlightenment
Glorious Revolution
French Revolution
American Revolution
Unfair conditions (class system)
Lack of representation in government

12. WINNING INDEPENDENCE Haiti (French colony) 1804
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Haiti (French colony)
1804
1st independent in Latin America
Black leader (slave)
Self-educated
Military leader

13. Aim: How did individual leaders influence movements for independence in Latin America?
DO NOW:
Identify 3 factors that made Latin American colonies “ripe” for independence.
Which factor (contributing to Latin American independence) do you believe was most important? Explain.
Why is Toussaint L’Ouverture considered to be an outstanding leader for independence?
Why do you think many creoles in South America were afraid of Toussaint L’Ouverture?

14. WINNING INDEPENDENCE 1821 “George Washington of Latin America”
SIMON BOLIVAR
1821
“George Washington of Latin America”
Great Liberator
Creole Venezuela
Spain
Gran Colombia
Vision?

15. WINNING INDEPENDENCE 1816 Creole Argentina Spain
Jose de San Martin
1816
Creole
Argentina
Spain
Helped Bolivar and O’Higgins

16. WINNING INDEPENDENCE Creole priest Mexico Spain “El Grito de Delores”
Miguel Hidalgo
Creole priest
Mexico
Spain
“El Grito de Delores”
September 16, 1810
Reached out to poor
Captured, executed

17. WINNING INDEPENDENCE Jose Morelos Mestizo priest Mexico Spain
4 year struggle captured and shot

18. Aim: How did individual leaders influence movements for independence in Latin America?
SUMMARY:
Identify three factors that helped to make Latin America ready for independence in the 1800s.
Why were most of the independence leaders creole?
Why was Toussaint L’Ouverture an inspirational leader?
Why was Simon Bolivar called the “George Washington of Latin America” and the “Great Liberator”?
Which leader for independence in Latin America do you believe made the greatest contribution to the region?

19. Aim: Which Latin American leader for independence was the most outstanding?
GROUP ASSIGNMENT
2-3 members
Persuasive essay
Poster
Assignment will be graded and count towards your test average.
3 part grade: essay, poster, panel discussion

20. Aim: Why did the new nations of Latin America have trouble building stable governments (1800s)?
DO NOW: Copy HW
Paragraph: Which leader for independence in Latin America do you believe was the most outstanding?
Create a poster that illustrates why the individual you have selected is the most outstanding leader for independence in Latin America.
This assignment will count towards your test/quiz average.

21. Aim: Which Latin American leader for independence was the most outstanding?
Do Now:
Report to groups/arrange room for “Panel Discussion”
Take out/finish posters (you have 5 minutes)
PANEL DISCUSSION IS TODAY!!

22. Mini-project Grading Criteria
Each part of this assignment – the poster, the essay, and the panel discussion - will count equally.
The poster will be evaluated based on the following criteria:
Content
Accuracy
Creativity
Neatness
Overall impression
The essay will be evaluated based on the following criteria:
Well-developed response including an introduction, body paragraph, and a conclusion
Content/accuracy
Persuasiveness/creativity
Panel discussion will be evaluated based on the following criteria:
Ability to respond to questions
Quality/accuracy of response
“professional” demeanor (treat others with respect)
Enthusiasm
Persuasiveness
Integration of panel members

23. Aim: Why did the new nations of Latin America have trouble building stable governments (1800s)?
What type of governments were the newly independent nations in Latin America trying to establish?
Why might it be difficult for Latin American nations to achieve stability after independence?

24. Aim: Why did the new nations of Latin America have trouble building stable governments (1800s)?
OBSTACLES TO PROGRESS
Wanted Republics
Democratic governments modeled after U.S.
So, what’s the problem?
GEOGRAPHY
SOCIAL-ECONOMIC INEQUITY
LACK OF EXPERIENCE

25. ANDES MOUNTAINS

26. AMAZON RAINFOREST

27. Aim: Why did the new nations of Latin America have trouble building stable governments (1800s)?
POWER STRUGGLES
Caudillos
Oligarchies
Conservatives v. Liberals

28. CONSERVATIVES V. LIBERALS
Gradual change
Support from high ranking officials in Church, Military, and Wealthy
Limit freedoms
-speech
-press
LIBERALS
Rapid change
Limit power church
Sell Church lands
Public schools (not Church run)
Defend liberties
Support from low ranking officials Church, Military, and educated professionals

29. CONSERVATIVES V. LIBERALS
How did Conservatives and Liberals view change in Latin America (1800s)?
Which groups supported the Conservatives?
Which groups supported the Liberals?
Why did most Native Americans and Mestizos stay out of the struggle in ideology between conservatives and liberals?

30. Aim: Why did the new nations of Latin America have trouble building stable governments (1800s)?
DO NOW:
Take out notes from yesterday.
Identify 3 obstacles Latin American nations faced in trying to establish stability in the 1800s.
Why did so many Latin American nations (1800s) have governments ruled by military dictators (caudillos)?

31. ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE AND GROWTH
Aim: Why did the new nations of Latin America have trouble building stable governments (1800s)?
ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE AND GROWTH
Dependent on exports (raw materials and cash crops) and imported manufactured good
Foreign investment
Debt
What kinds of cash crops are associated with Latin America?

32. CASH CROP RELATED EXPORTS

33. NEWLY INDEPENDENT NATIONS LATIN AMERICA 1800S
SUMMARY:
What do you think led Simon Bolivar to declare that “America is ungovernable”?
The British colonies in North America had a history of electing legislatures to manage colonial affairs. Explain the advantage this might have given the United States over Latin America (at independence).

34. NEWLY INDEPENDENT NATIONS LATIN AMERICA 1800S
SUMMARY:
Explain why each of the following groups opposed change in Latin America:
Oligarchies
Roman Catholic Church
military

35. NEWLY INDEPENDENT NATIONS LATIN AMERICA 1800S
SUMMARY:
Which problems do you think are the easiest for these new nations to overcome? Explain.
Which problems do you think are the most difficult to solve? Explain.
Which factor do you believe is the most responsible for the instability of the new nations in Latin America (1800s)? Explain.