1. What Are We To Do With All Of This Stuff?
Jeff Porter
Environmental Engineer
Manure Management Team
USDA-NRCS

2. Distribution and proper utilization of nutrients!!!
What is the problem?
Excess Nutrients
Too Many Animals
Distribution and proper utilization of nutrients!!!

3. How To Decide $$ Landowner Goals and Objectives
Regulatory Requirements
Operational Size
Operation Type
Available Application Area
Required Application Area
Distance From Water Bodies $$

4. Manure Management Options
Agronomic Practices
Land Application
Cover Crops
Crop Rotation
Biological
Chemical
Physical
Other
My main objective today is to outline some of the various options that are available in dealing with manure

5. Land Application
Currently only 5% of cropland receives manure application
Still very important option
Utilize when possible
Importance of soil quality, crop requirements and manure tests
Using some of the other options might increase land application base
About 15.8 million acres of cropland, equivalent to about 5 percent of all U.S. cropland, are fertilized with livestock manure. Corn, which is planted on about one-quarter of U.S. cropland, accounts for over half of the land receiving manure. Patterns of manure use are driven by the agronomic needs of crops and by transport costs, which limit the distance that manure can be moved and create close links between types of livestock and certain crop commodities. Each favors the application of manure to corn.

6. Traveling Gun
Injection System
Solid Manure Spreading

7. Cover Crops
Corn into barley
Field radishes
Crop Rotations

8. Biological Anaerobic Digestion Aerobic Treatment Anaerobic Treatment
Composting

9. Covered Lagoon
Complete Mix
Engine
Plug Flow
Boiler

10. Lagoon
Dual System

11. Windrow
Rotary Drum
Passive Aeration
Marketable Product

12. Chemical
Coagulation/Flocculation
Manure Amendments
Thermo-chemical

13. Polymer
Test Sampling
Ferric Sulfate
Treated Dairy Manure
Metal Salt

14. Manure Amendments
Manure Management Team will evaluate various amendments.
CNMP Core Curriculum

15. Thermo - Chemical Incineration Gasification Pyrolysis
Fuel + Oxygen  Heat (~3,600 F)
Gasification
Fuel + Limited Oxygen  Fuel Gas (syngas) + Heat + Char + Tar (1,100 – 1,800 F)
Pyrolysis
Fuel + Heat  Fuel Gas (oil products) + Char + Tar (390 – 1,100 F)
Even though there are other technologies available, I want to look at three of the most common technologies:
Incineration
Also torrefaction and drying

16. Electricity generating turbine
Burner and Boiler
Electricity generating turbine
4,500 Tank Trucks of Manure/Year; Reduced to 90 Trailers of Ash
Unit in Wisconsin - Elimanure

17. Gasification Unit in California
Mortality Gasification
(North Carolina)
Gasification analysis in California – produced 4 – 6 times the gas from an anaerobic digester
20’ X 30’ pad vs 1-2 acre footprints
West Virginia project worked with poultry litter
Nutrient rich ash – volume reduction as much as 90% depending on initial waste stream
Mortality disposal in NC – several poultry operations along with 2 animal shelters (75–90 % reduction in natural gas usage)
Gasification Unit in West Virginia
Gasification Unit in South Carolina

18. Biochar
Syngas
Pyrolysis Unit
Bio-oil

19. Physical
Solid – Liquid Separation
Fractionization
Pelletizing

20. Non-Enhanced Separation
Inclined Screen
Non-Enhanced Separation
Screw
Press
Gravity Settling Basin

21. Enhanced Separation
Settling Basins
Bio-bag
Rotary Press
Belt Press

22. • Separate litter into course and fine fractions.
• Fine fraction: mostly manure, high nutrient, 1/3 volume
• Course fraction: mostly shavings/feathers, low nutrient, 2/3 volume

23. Organic Fertilizer
Swine Pellets
Pellet Mill
Poultry Pellets

24. Other Options Feed Management Early Slaughter Manure Transfer
Animal Transfer
Other products

25. Other Products
Fiber board
Manure Dried Solids
Glue
Plastic
Paint
Etc.

26. Traditional Verses Innovational Technologies
Traditional Manure
Treatment
Innovative Treatment
Technologies
Super Soil
Clinton, NC

27. Conclusions
There are several options for addressing manure distribution and application management issues
There is no silver bullet to address manure issues
Option selections are dependent on a number of factors such as: objectives, land availability, nutrient loads, available markets
Several alternatives may need to be combined to meet the desired outcome
Water and air quality concerns also need to be addressed when dealing with manure management issues
Most options require significant financial investment

28. The End
I want to thank you for your time. And with that I would like to open the floor to any questions that you may have.
Questions ?