1. 5 Sentence Patterns: Option Sheet
Understanding Clauses:
Writing Compound and Complex Sentences

2. Note: There are two types of clauses--Independent and Dependent
A group of words which contains a subject and a verb
Not him!
Note: There are two types of clauses--Independent and Dependent

3. “Independence Hall is in Philadelphia.”
Independent Clause
Contains a subject and a verb
Independence Hall
It can stand alone, makes sense by itself,
and has a period at end of clause.
“Independence Hall is in Philadelphia.”
subject verb

4. Dependent Clause Contains a subject and a verb
Can’t stand alone!
It cannot stand alone, does not make
sense by itself, and cannot have a period.
“When he broke his leg”
subject verb
Note: This phrase leaves us wondering, “What happened when he broke his leg?” This is a fragment!

5. Compound Sentences–Option #1
Two independent clauses joined by a comma and one of the FANBOYS:
, for
, and
, nor
, but
, or
, yet
, so
“The twins are short, and they have curly hair.”
subj verb subj verb

6. Compound Sentence—Option #2
Two independent clauses joined by--
a semi-colon only ; 
semi-truck colon
“The two independent clauses need to be closely related; the ideas are linked by the semi-colon.”
Note: For a two page paper, maybe, possibly, perhaps you could use ONE semi-colon. Do not over use semicolons.

7. Compound Sentence–Option # 3
Two independent clauses joined by a
semi-colon + conjunctive adverb + comma
“The puzzle is not hard; however, pieces were missing.”
independent clause conjunctive independent clause
adverb
Note: The following slide contains a list of conjunctive adverbs.

8. In Option #3 conjunctive adverbs can JOIN two independent clauses .
; consequently,
; furthermore,
; however,
; indeed,
; in fact,
; moreover,
; nevertheless, (always one word!)
; then,
; therefore,
“Hank feels conjoined to his computer; indeed, if he were on a desert island, he would want his computer as much as a drink of water!”

9. Complex Sentences–Option #4
Remember—an independent clause can stand alone,
but a dependent clause must be attached to an independent
clause.
complex math!
A complex sentence happens when
An independent clause is followed  by a dependent clause. There is NO comma.
“I ate Mom’s cookies because they were so yummy.”
independent clause dependent clause

10. Complex Sentence—Option #5
A complex sentence happens when--
Mom
A dependent clause comes before the independent clause. There IS a comma.
“Because they were so yummy, I ate Mom’s cookies.”
dependent clause  independent clause
Note: A comma must separate the dependent clause from the independent clause.
The following slide contains a list of dependent words.

11. Dependent Words Which Start Dependent Clauses
Some classic words used to START dependent clauses:
after unless
although until Classic art
as (as if) when
because whenever
before whereas
if while
since
“Because she had no clothes, Minerva caught a cold.”
dependent clause independent clause

12. Quiz: Comma or No Comma???
“The spring semester ends after finals are given during the second week of May.”
NO COMMA is needed for this is Option #4: “The spring semester ends after finals are given during the second week of May.”

13. Quiz: Comma or No Comma? “When I am tired I rest in the hammock.”
A comma is needed for this is Option #5: “When I am tired, I rest in the hammock.”

14. Quiz: Comma or No Comma?
“Mario attends college and he does well in his classes.”
A comma is needed for this is Option #1 with two independent clauses: “Mario attends college, and he does well in his classes.”

15. Quiz: Comma or No Comma?
“Maria attends college and does well in her classes.”
No comma is needed for this is just a list of two activities (verbs): “Maria attends college and does well in her classes.”

16. Quiz: Comma or No Comma?
“Jose answered all the test questions; however he did not pass the test.”
A comma is needed for this is Option #3: “Jose answered all the test questions; however, he did not pass the test.”

17. Sentence Variety
Using a variety of sentence patterns in an essay makes the writing interesting.
Use these punctuation patterns (Option #1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) to combine short, choppy sentences, to not write fragments, and to not write run-ons.

18. Memorize your 5 Options on the Option Sheet!
The End--Almost
Memorize your 5 Options on the Option Sheet!