1. Thorax Dr. Zsuzsanna Almási, Dr. Sándor Katz

2. PA: the heart is closer to the film therefore less magnified.
- standard X-ray is PA!!
AP: the heart is farther from the film therefore more magnified.
- portable X-ray

3. PA vs. AP

4. Difference between PA and AP views
Spine and posterior
ends of ribs
Scapulae
Clavicles
Cardiac silhoutte
clearly seen
not overlaping the
thorax
more horizontal
normal sized
not visualized clearly
they do overlap
more oblique
enlarged

5. https://gmep.org/media/11009

6. AK: aortic knob
APW: aortopulmonary window
BS: breast shadow
C: carina
CA: colic air
CPA: costophrenic angle
DA: descending aorta
GA: gastric air
LHB: left heart border
LPA: left pulmonary artery
RHD: right hemi diaphragm

7. A: Left coronary artery
B: Circumflex ramus of
left coronary artery
C: Anterior interventricular artery
D: Right coronary artery

8. A: Right coronary artery
B:Left coronary artery
C: Circumflex ramus
D: Anterior interventricular
artery

9. 2. Brachiocephalic trunk (innominate artery)
Aortic arch
2. Brachiocephalic trunk (innominate artery)
3. Left common carotid artery
4. Left subclavian artery
6. Left vertebral artery
7. Right subclavian artery
8. Right common carotid artery
5. Right vertebral artery

20. Mediastinum Module
1. Trachea
2. Esophagus
3. Trapezius muscle
4. Left Clavicle
4*. Right Clavicle
5. Subscapularis Muscle
6. Infraspinatus Muscle
7. Supraspinatus Muscle
8. Pectoralis Major Muscle
9. Pectoralis Minor Muscle
10. Serratus Anterior Muscle
11. Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
12. Erector Spinae Muscles
13. Left Subclavian Artery
13* Distal Subclavian Artery
13a. Right Subclavian Artery
14. Left Common Carotid Artery
14* Right Common Carotid Artery
15. Left Internal Jugular Vein
15* Right Internal Jugular Vein
16. Scapula
17. First Rib
17*. Second Rib
18. Manubrium of Sternum
18*. Body of Sternum
18+. Xiphoid Process of Sternum
19. Aortic Arch
19*. Ascending Aorta
19+. Descending Aorta
20. Azygous Vein
20*. Arch of the Azygous
21. Right Brachiocephalic Vein This vein is formed by the right internal jugular vein and the right subclavian vein. The junction is located behind the medial end of the right clavicle. It is a 21*. Left Brachiocephalic Vein
22. Superior Vena Cava
23. Thymus Gland
24. Teres Major Muscle
25. Teres Minor Muscle
26. Left Subclavian Vein/Axillary Vein
27. Brachiocephalic Artery
28. Inferior Vena Cava
29. Pulmonary Trunk.
30. Right Pulmonary Artery
30*. Left Pulmonary Artery
31. Thoracic Duct
32. Carina of Trachea
33. Right Ventricle
34. Right Atrium
35. Left Atrium
36. Left Ventricle
37. Right Pulmonary Vein
37*. Left Pulmonary Vein
38. Interventricular Septum
39. Coronary Sinus
40. Tricuspid valve

21. (dark: water, calcification;
T1- weighted
(dark: water, calcification;
bright: fat, necrosis)
T2-weighted
(dark: fat;
bright: water)

22. T1- weighted
T2-weighted

23. Lung scintigraphy
The examination substance is a protein molecule which is labelled with Technetium 99m.

24. Ultrasound

25. IVUS

26. Pneumonia

27. Pneumothorax