1. Chapter 9 Notes Westward Migration & The Mexican American War

2. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration?

3. Expansionists
a person who favored territorial growth

4. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration?
Manifest Destiny - belief that God
wanted the U.S. to own all of North America

5. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration?
Independence of Mexico (1821) –
had a weak government and economy after breaking with Spain; expansionists wanted New Mexico, Texas, & California

6. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration?
God – some moved to found Indian missions (an establishment to carry on religious work); Marcus & Narcissa Whitman - Oregon Country

7. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration?
Resources – horses, furs, silver, mules, gold

8. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration?
Adventure

9. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration?
Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) –
bound the Indians to the territories away from major westward trails; mostly ignored

10. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration?
Isolation – Brigham Young led the Mormons
west to Utah in 1847 to escape the hostilities the group had faced in Illinois

11. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration?
Overland Trails – established by merchants and Mountain Men, these were used by pioneers to travel West; example: Oregon Trail – began in Missouri, crossed Rockies and ended at Pacific

12. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration?
New Farms – many chose to travel West to
gain bigger and better farms in Oregon or California than they had owned

13. Missouri Compromise (1820)
Henry Clay
Missouri wanted to be a slave state, but this would throw off the slave state (11), free state (11) balance
Solution: Missouri admitted as a slave state, Maine admitted as a free state
Established 36° 30’ line for the Louisiana Territory
No slavery north of the line

14. Compromise Map Activity
The Missouri Compromise 1820
(page 335)
Locate the states and territories outlined on your map. Label them
Use one color to shade the FREE states in 1820.
Use another color to shade the SLAVE states in 1820.
Draw a bold line to show the Missouri Compromise line.
Use the same color from # 2 to shade the TERRITORIES where slavery was PROHIBITED.
Use the same color from # 3 to shade the TERRITORIES were slavery was ALLOWED.
Create a key in the blank box.

15. Texas & the Mexican-American War

16. Events Leading to the Mexican-American War Timeline
Read “Texas Wins Independence” pgs
Complete the following parts of your timeline:
1821 – Stephen Austin begins leading settlers into Texas (Describe the tensions)
1834 – Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna seizes power in Mexico (What were his actions? How did Americans respond?)
1836 (Mar.) – The Alamo (What happened? How did Americans react?)
1836 (Apr.) – Sam Houston & Battle of San Jacinto (What happened? Who won? What was Santa Anna forced to do?)

17. Lone Star Republic Texas declared independence from Mexico 1836-1846
1st President: Sam Houston

18. Events Leading to the Mexican-American War Timeline
Read “Americans Debate Expansion” pgs
Complete the following parts of your timeline:
1836(-1845) – Debate rages in Congress
1844 – Presidential Election
Read “The Mexican-American War” (stop at “U.S. Forces Sweep to Victory”) page 308
1845 (Dec.) – Congress votes to annex Texas
1846 (May) – President Polk provokes the war?

19. The Mexican-American War (The Highlights)
United States won every major battle
Navy, led by explorer John C. Fremont seized control of California
Winfield Scott captured Mexico City
American victory after only 1½ years

20. Why the U.S. won the Mexican-American War
U.S. Advantages:
larger nation
wealthier
more populous
industry – arms & ammunition
larger & better navy and army
Skilled officers
Zachary Taylor, Winfield Scott, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, and William T. Sherman

21. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Feb. 1848
Terms:
Americans – leave Mexico City & pay $15 million
Mexico – gave up New Mexico & California
Rio Grade was set at the southern boundary of Texas

22. Gadsden Purchase
1853
U.S. bought land from Mexico in southern Arizona & New Mexico

23. Wilmot Proviso proposed in 1846 by David Wilmot
law that would ban slavery in any lands won from Mexico
broke party unity & split Congress based on sectional lines
supported by northern Democrats & Whigs
opposed by southern Democrats & Whigs
Proviso repeatedly failed in Congress

24. California Gold Rush 1848 gold found east of Sacramento, CA
80,000 people (known as forty-niners) moved to CA by land trails or by ship
California applied for statehood in 1849 as a free state - threatened to break the free (15) / slave (15) state balance