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Preview “Parliament passed the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and other measures of the early 1760s in hopes of binding the American colonies more closely to the empire. Instead, once-loyal Americans became convinced that their constitutional rights were being violated...”
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TUES WEEK WORK How many colonies were their? What was Mercantalism? Why would it be beneficial for England to tax the colonies?
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The Seven Years’ War A nine ( ) year global conflict between France & her allies Spain and Prussia versus England in the America’s it’s known as the French and Indian War The Years of Defeat 1756 John Cambell, Earl of Loudoun given command of North American theater. Iroqouis league and most Indians allied with France who were led by Marquis de Montcalm
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Requested men and $ from colonial assemblies w/ promosry notes
The Years of Victory By 1758, the tide shifted in Britain’s favor Fired Lord Loudoun Requested men and $ from colonial assemblies w/ promosry notes 1759: Brig. Gen. Wolfe captured Quebec 1760 Montreal fell war ends in N. America Treaty of Paris (1763) ended the war, and French presence in North America
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British granted title to all French Territory east of the Mississippi River and Spanish Florida
France cedes to Spain all other land
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Britain’s victory stoked colonial pride and optimism among Americans
Postwar Expectations Britain’s victory stoked colonial pride and optimism among Americans Very different expectations Colonist British Open Ohio Valley Tight fisted colonial assemblies Contributed to war Cowardly Colonial troops Equal footing w/ Britons debt to be payed through taxes French threat gone would lead to colonial thoughts of independence
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SUB HEADINGS
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Week Work Wed Who fought the 7 years war?
What were the terms of the treaty of Paris? Why did the British want to tax the colonist after the 7 years war?
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The Imperial Crisis Great Brittan waged a costly war, North America needed to be protected, colonies needed to turn a profit Proclamation of 1763 prohibited settlement west of the Appalachians Ease Indian tension stop future conflicts Keep Colonials seaboard and easier to manage
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George Grenville’s New Measures
Britain’s national debt doubled, Standing army in the colonies Colonial merchants had been evading the Molasses Act of 1733 Grenville hoped to make $ from trade and have the Americans help cover a part of the cost of operating the colonies Navigation acts regulated trade. Greenville represents a shift in the use of duties.
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Revenue aka Sugar Act (1764):lowered molases duty from 6 to 3 pence
Currency Act (1764): prophibited colonial assemblies from making their $ legal tender ensured against currency inflation Quartering Act (1765): any colony in which troops were stationed must provide suitable accomadations Stamp Act (1765) tax on paper cards, dice, diplomas, legal docs, newspapers, etc…
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Greenville’s policies prompted different reaction by colonials and English
Shared belief on British customs, history, served to protect the rights of the empire’s freeborn citizens To Greenville these policies made sense to Colonist the measures seemed a crime Colonies not political equals of English
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Patrick Henry’s resolves in Virginia
Riots and Resolves 1765: colonial assemblies passed resolves denying Parliament’s power to tax the colonies. Patrick Henry’s resolves in Virginia Sons of Liberty ensured if Stamp Act was not repealed it would not be enforced Repeal of the Stamp Act George III replaced Greenville w/ Marquis of Rockingham Policy repealed by Parliament in 1766 and passed Declaratory Act: Parliament had the power to make laws for the Colonies “in all cases what so ever”
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WEEK WORK THUR List and describe the 4 acts passed under Greenville
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William Townshend wanted to limit the power of colonial assemblies
The Townshend Acts 1767 William Townshend wanted to limit the power of colonial assemblies Instituted new tariffs lead, paper, glass, tea Suspend NY assembly for not complying w/ Quatering Act of 1767 Created an American Board of Customs Commissioners paid directly by Crown to enforce policies Colonist organized to resist townshend acts
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The Boston Massacre Increasing tensions between colonists and British troops March 5, 1770: troops fire upon protesters in Boston, killing five Crispus Attcus
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SOAPS 5-10 and questions
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Repeal of Townshed acts depleats resistance.
Resistance Revived 1771 Gaspee ran aground and burned Samuel Adams engineered committees of correspondence 1773: Boston Tea Party Tea Act 1773 East India Co. granted Monopoly on tea trade to bail out the East India Co. Colonies saw it as a trick to accept parlimantry power despite lower cost Dec 16, ,000 pounds of tea worth 10,000 pounds of sterling
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The Empire Strikes Back
Coercive, or “Intolerable,” Acts passed by Parliament under Lord North in response to Tea Party, 1774; port of Boston closed until debt for tea repaid Massachusetes governed by royal officials Impartial Administration of Justice: Quatering Act: housing of troops in uninhanited private homes and buildings Colonists began to believe in a conspiracy theory that the British government wanted to reduce their liberties
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Toward the Revolution The First Continental Congress, Sept 1774
Declaration of Rights and Grievences adopted October 1774 Asserted colonies right to tax and legislate themselves Limited parlimentry power Decision to cease all trade with Britain until the Coercive Acts were repealed known as the Continetal Association Suffolk Resolves did not advocate but resulted in the arming colonial militias
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Feb.1775 Parliament declares colonial rebellion
The Last Days of the British Empire in America Thomas Gage disbanded Massachustes legislature. It re-form as a Provincial Congress Feb.1775 Parliament declares colonial rebellion The Fighting Begins April : first battles of the American Revolution, Lexington and Concord, Mass. Paul Revere and Dr. William Dawes warned 8 dead at Lexington 273 British 95 Americans Common Sense Thomas Paine: Americans’ destiny was to be republicans, not monarchists Time for fighting 120,000 copies in 3 months
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WEEK WORK FRI What was the Boston Massacre? What was taxed under the Townshed acts? The intolerable acts were passed in response to what event?
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Was the American Revolution inevitable
Was the American Revolution inevitable? Or could the thirteen colonies have remained attached to Britain for many years and then peacefully achieved their independence?
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