1. CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTION, MONITORING, ALARM, CONTROL & AUTOMATION SYSTEM www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India) 1 EK Engineering (India) The silent killer

2. INCIDENCE OF CO POISONING Gladstone Wal-Mart evacuated for carbon monoxide Local authorities stress CO detectors after carbon monoxide kills one, poisons seven Carbon monoxide sends man to hospital after he was exposed to elevated levels of carbon monoxide in his garage Mum's tribute to son killed by deadly gas Carbon monoxide clears school People found unconscious because of mysterious gas www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India) 2

3. KNOW CARBON MONOXIDE: www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India) 3 Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless, odourless gas produced during combustion or incomplete combustion. “ HC or CH + O2 (oxygen) = CO 2 (full combustion of carbon) + CO (partial combustion) + H 2 O” HC = hydrocarbon, diesel, petrol, gasoline, polymer, cables etc, CH = carbohydrate, skin, wood, paper etc CO molecule is still unsatisfied and looking for oxygen atom (in air, blood oxygen) to form stable CO 2 molecule.

4. KNOW CARBON MONOXIDE: www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India) 4 When CO molecule enter human body through breathing or respiration, it binds with haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying molecule in human blood). As COHb levels increase, less haemoglobin is available for the transport of oxygen. Thereby leading to drastic decrease in blood oxygen and hence, body cells and tissue start dying. Brain cells are affected most due to inhalation of CO as these cells draws maximum of blood oxygen. This leads to unconsciousness, coma or death.

5. COMMON OCCURRENCE OF CO: www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India) 5 Any type of combustion, fire, smoke Enclosed or basement Parking Kitchen, restaurants, hookas, sheesha Heated conveyor belts, baking area in food production facilities Furnaces, foundries, melting bays Underground mines Incinerators in hospitals

6. COMMON OCCURRENCE OF CO: www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India) 6 ConcentrationSources / Areas 0.1 ppmNatural atmosphere level 0.5 to 5 ppmAverage level in homes 5 to 15 ppmNear properly adjusted gas stoves in homes 100 to 200 ppmExhaust from automobiles in the Mexico City central Area 5,000 ppmExhaust from a home wood fire 7,000 ppmUndiluted warm car exhaust without a catalytic Converter

7. STANDARDS: www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India) 7 OSHA (USA) specifies TWA (time weighted average) for CO: 25ppm (ie. A person can be exposed to TWA concentration for 8 hrs in a day and 40 hrs in a week, after which he should be taken to fresh air and given rest to avoid any health problems. STEL (Short term exposure limit) for CO: 35ppm (ie. A person can be exposed to STEL concentration for maximum 15 mins, before any health problems arises) The NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA – 2005 Specifies the following parameters for Ventilation: CO level- within 29mg/cu.m (25 ppm) with Peak level not to exceed 137 mg/cu.m.(125 ppm) As per ASHRAE Max Level for CO 8 hrs exposure – 25ppm 1 Hour exposure- 35 ppm

8. NEED TO MONITOR AND CONTROL CO: www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India) 8 Having no colour, smell or taste means that it is very hard to detect CO level by humans. Each year, over 50 people die in the UK as a direct result of exposure to CO. Many more people die through strokes and respiratory illness made worse by inhaling low levels of CO over prolonged periods. Still, more are left with permanent damage and invalidity. As CO does not cause any biological, chemical change in body, many of deaths are reported as of other reasons(though caused by CO inhalation). Carbon monoxide is an odourless, colourless, tasteless gas. You can't tell if it is there. It can build up quickly to deadly levels in confined spaces, sheds, tanks, and small or closed rooms. Carbon monoxide can also build up in large spaces like parking garages and industrial sheds if the ventilation is poor.

9. EFFECTS OF CO: www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India) 9 ConcentrationSymptoms 35 ppm (0.0035% v/v)Headache and dizziness within six to eight hours of constant exposure 100 ppm (0.01% v/v)Slight headache in two to three hours 200 ppm (0.02% v/v)Slight headache within two to three hours; loss of judgment 400 ppm (0.04% v/v)Frontal headache within one to two hours 800 ppm (0.08% v/v)Dizziness, nausea, and convulsions within 45 min; insensible within 2 hours 1,600 ppm (0.16% v/v)Headache, tachycardia, dizziness, and nausea within 20 min; death in less than 2 hours 3,200 ppm (0.32% v/v)Headache, dizziness and nausea in five to ten minutes. Death within 30 minutes. 6,400 ppm (0.64% v/v)Headache and dizziness in one to two minutes. Convulsions, respiratory arrest, and death in less than 20 minutes. 12,800 ppm (1.28% v/v)Unconsciousness after 2-3 breaths. Death in less than three minutes.

10. EFFECTS OF CO: www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India) 10

11. HOW TO DETECT AND MONITOR?? www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India) 11 Electronic Carbon monoxide sensor detector should be installed at probable leakage or required spot/location Available sensor technology (for human comfort)  Semi-conductor (solid state) based  Electro-chemical (Galvanic cell) based  Infra-red technology based

12. SELECTION OF SENSING TECHNOLOGY www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India) 12 ParameterElectro-chemicalSemiconductorInfra-Red Measuring bandLow (100’s ppm) Low ppm to 100% v/v Response TimeVery low usually < 30 sVery high ~ 300 sModerate Cross sensitivity (with other gases) Very lowVery High (lot false alarms) None RepeatabilityHighLowHigh AccuracyHigh (± 3ppm)Low (± 15 ppm)Very high LifeAround 5 years More than 10 years Power consumptionLowHigh Temperature effectLowHighNone Relative CostModerateLowHigh

13. FEATURE – EK ENGG’S CO SENSOR: Capable of providing continuous, online measurement and monitoring of CO UL2075 certified sensor Electro-chemical galvanic (Gel electrolyte) technology with low evaporation rate Optional: capable of monitoring CO radicals, for early fire & Smoke detection Low Response time t 90 < 30 sec Output: analog, digital RS485 Modbus RTU Sensor cell should be plug-in, field replaceable Sensor life expectancy > 7 years, replaceable sensor cell 13 www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India)

14. Housing: IP65 weather proof with fire retardant UL94: V0 rated Optional: potential free relays for local alarm / device operation. Optional: LCD Display with gas type, concentration and unit readout. Mounting: Wall, Duct, Ceiling, pipe Over flooding and overexposure protection Reverse polarity and short circuit protection CE certified, EMC- Directive 2014/30/EU compliant 14 www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India) FEATURE – EK ENGG’S CO SENSOR:

15. Digital communication architecture with bi-directional communication with gas detectors Multiple threshold for each sensor to identify and trigger normal ventilation, fire mode etc. Closed loop, feedback mode with gas detectors, MCC panel, BMS and FAS system. LCD based human machine interface or display unit for parameter, status display Auto and manual system operation, and remote local function in MCC panel BMS, SCADA integration facility Integration with fire alarm system (FAS) 15 www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India) FEATURE – MONITOR & CONTROL UNIT:

16. Remote control of on-board relays on detection units, to regulate local alarm units. Threshold settings, configuration via touchscreen Auto-diagnostic watchdog with built in error code, fault LED indication Password protection against unauthorized access Remote input facility Digital output and control signals for fan electrical panels Optional: configurable with variable frequency drives for axial, jet fans, centrifugal fans 16 www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India) FEATURE – MONITOR & CONTROL UNIT:

17. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE: 17 S1 Control Unit / Panel Control Room / Area S = CO, NO, NO2, SO2 sensor (multi or single detector) Communication cable: 2 x 2-core twisted, shielded cable S2 S6 S7 S5 S8 Sn S4 S3 To BMS / SCADA Fire Alarm System Fan MCC panel (and VFD panel) www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India)

18. CONTACT US: www.ekeindia.com E: india.eke@gmail.com Mobile: +91-96809 66000 (India) 18 Email: india.eke@gmail.comindia.eke@gmail.com Website: www.ekeindia.comwww.ekeindia.com Mobile / WhatsApp: +91 96809 66000