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President JAMES MADISON
The War of 1812 President JAMES MADISON
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Write these in your notes! OBJECTIVES: SWBAT
Cite 3 reasons Americans had Anti-British Feelings. Define War-Hawk and name 2 War-Hawks
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Presidential Election of 1808
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James Madison Becomes President
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The Non-Intercourse Act (1809)
Replaced the Embargo Act. Forbade trade with Britain and France. Remained U. S. policy until 1812. Unexpected Consequences: N. Eng. was forced to become self-sufficient again [old factories reopened]. Laid the groundwork for US industrial power. Madison, like Jefferson, a critic of an industrial America, ironically contributed to Hamilton’s view of the US!!!
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By 1811, Americans had a lot of bad feelings towards Britain. Why?
1.IMPRESSMENT- Britain was taking sailors, not just ships 2. Britain still occupied some forts in the Ohio Valley. 3. In the WEST-Britain was stirring up the Indians against Americans – supplying weapons (Tecumseh) 4. SOUTHERNERS were hurt by British Trade Restrictions. “War Hawks” were people in Congress who really wanted to go to war … led by Henry Clay and John Calhoun.
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“War Hawks” John C. Calhoun [SC] Henry Clay [KY]
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. British Instigation of Indians
British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh
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Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811 General William Henry Harrison governor of the Indiana Territory. Invited Native Indian chiefs to Ft. Wayne, IN to sign away 3 mil. acres of land to the US government. Tecumseh organized a confederacy of Indian tribes to fight for their homelands. Tecumseh’s brother fought against Harrison and was defeated at Tippecanoe. This made Harrison a national hero! [1840 election “Tippecanoe & Tyler, too!”]
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Presidential Election of 1812
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I’m the First President to ask for a Declaration of War!
“Mr. Madison’s War!” I’m the First President to ask for a Declaration of War!
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American Problems The US was unprepared militarily:
Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s 800 ships. Americans disliked a draft preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias. Financially unprepared: Flood of paper $. Revenue from import tariffs declined. Regional disagreements.
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KEY BATTLES… W.H. Harrison at Tipacanoe
The British attacked Washington DC, set fire to the Capitol and the White House! Dolly Madison was able to save a portrait of George Washington Fort McHenry (Star Spangled Banner) Must-know battle: New Orleans – Jackson becomes a hero Occurs after the war ends
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Hartford Convention: NE Federalists had many grievances
Wanted to add an amendment, increase requirement to declare war Some urged secession This drastically hurt the Federalists since the country was experiencing a sense of NATIONALISM!!!!
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Battle of Fort McHenry, 1814 Oh Say Can You See By the Dawn’s Early Light… Francis Scott Key
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Treaty of Ghent December 24, 1814
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The Battle of New Orleans, 1815
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The Battle of New Orleans, 1815
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RESULTS… There was no winner really…it was a tie.
No land changes hands…both sides kept what they had from before the war. The US became a stronger nation European nation treated the US with more respect b/c Americans proved that they would fight if they were threatened. Nationalism! Americans felt pride in their country. Economy grew strong…war built up manufacturing b/c of the embargo…they had to make everything themselves! Canada stayed mad at us for trying to take it over. The United States was left with war debt…not very big though.
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EXIT Ticket Why did American have bad feelings toward Britain in 1811?
How did the War of 1812 Affect the United States?
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