1. Enlightenment Ideas of the Enlightenment- - - - - -
American Revolution
“the revolution was not the war…the war was a result of the revolution”
French Revolution

2. PARIS Heart of the Enlightenment

3. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason
Middle Ages Age of Reason

4. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason
Middle Ages Age of Reason
Divine Right to Rule

5. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason
Middle Ages Age of Reason
Divine Right to Rule Divine Right Irrational

6. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason
Middle Ages Age of Reason
Divine Right to Rule Divine Right Irrational
King answers only to God

7. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason
Middle Ages Age of Reason
Divine Right to Rule Divine Right Irrational
King answers only to God Kings answers to Social contract

8. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason
Middle Ages Age of Reason
Divine Right to Rule Divine Right Irrational
King answers only to God Kings answers to Social contract
Aristocracy by birth

9. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason
Middle Ages Age of Reason
Divine Right to Rule Divine Right Irrational
King answers only to God Kings answers to Social contract
Aristocracy by birth Social Justice

10. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason
Middle Ages Age of Reason
Divine Right to Rule Divine Right Irrational
King answers only to God Kings answers to Social contract
Aristocracy by birth Social Justice
Life, Liberty, and Property

11. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason
Middle Ages Age of Reason
Divine Right to Rule Divine Right Irrational
King answers only to God Kings answers to Social contract
Aristocracy by birth Social Justice
Life, Liberty, and Property
Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness

12. Scientific Revolution
Isaac Newton used mathematics
to explain Gravity

13. Scientific Revolution
Natural Laws
Rules of conduct discoverable by Reason

14. Scientific Revolution
Natural Laws
Rules of conduct discoverable by Reason
Utopia
Perfect society

15. Thomas Hobbes John Locke PHILOSOPHES People were reasonable and Moral
Naturally cruel
Greedy and selfish
Needed powerful government to maintain order
Absolute Monarchy
John Locke
People were reasonable and Moral
People had “Natural Rights”
People formed Government to protect their rights
Government has obligation to the people
If Government becomes oppressive, overthrow them

16. PHILOSOPHES
Montesquieu
Separation of Powers

17. PHILOSOPHES
Montesquieu
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances

18. PHILOSOPHES
Voltaire
Freedom of Speech

19. Rousseau Wrote “Social Contract” PHILOSOPHES
The balance of General Will vs Individual Rights

20. Mary Wollstonecraft
Women should be educated

21. Denis Diderot PHILOSOPHES Encyclopedia France
Put all beliefs into books of the Encyclopedia

22. Adam Smith PHILOSOPHES Free market based on Supply – Demand
England
The Wealth of Nations
Free market based on Supply – Demand
No government interference

23. Adam Smith PHILOSOPHES Free market based on Supply – Demand
England
The Wealth of Nations
Free market based on Supply – Demand
No government interference
Laissez-faire economics
Foundation of “Capitalism” in America

24. Adam Smith PHILOSOPHES Governments role was to Protect Society
England
The Wealth of Nations.
Governments role was to
Protect Society
Administer Justice

25. Authors often challenged the “Old Order’
Censorship
Authors often challenged the “Old Order’
Novels
Story within the story
Candide
Exposes corruption, hypocrisy, and right to free speech
Gulliver's Travels

26. Enlightened Despots (Kings)
Frederick the Great
Prussia
(1740 – 1786)

27. Enlightened Despots (Kings)
Frederick the Great
Prussia
(1740 – 1786)
“First Servant of the State”
Religious Tolerance
“Heaven in his own Fashion”

28. Joseph II Enlightened Despots Holy Roman Empire ( 1765 – 1790 )
“The Peasant Emperor”
Went out to the Pubs undercover…
Extended Tolerance to Protestants and Jews
Ended Censorship
Sold Monasteries and Convents
Ended Serfdom

29. All cancelled after he died But the seed had been planted

30. Most Europeans untouched by Middle Class or Courtly Culture

31. 1700’s Late 1700’s Eastern Europe began to spread to peasant villages
Serfdom spread to Russia
Peasants could be bought and sold with land
Late 1700’s
began to spread to peasant villages
and across the ocean to a bunch of colonist

32. Trading Cards Thomas Hobbes John Locke Adam Smith Mary Wollstonecraft
Montesquieu
Voltaire
Rousseau
Denis Diderot
Frederick the Great
Joseph II