1. Bellringer
What are indulgences?

2. Bellringer What are indulgences?
Pardons issued by the Pope that people could buy to reduce a soul’s time in purgatory

3. Today Objective-The Protestant Reformation continues
Aftermath of Luther.
Who were Reformers who followed
Martin Luther?

4. Terms and People
indulgences – in the Roman Catholic Church, pardons for sins committed during a person’s life
Martin Luther –the German monk who triggered the revolt against the Roman Catholic church in 1517
Wittenberg – city in northern Germany where Luther drew up his 95 Theses
Charles V – the Holy Roman emperor who ordered Luther to recant his 95 Theses
diet – assembly or legislature
John Calvin – a reformer who preached predestination and living a saintly life
predestination – the idea that God had predetermined who would gain salvation
Geneva – the Swiss city where Calvin was asked to establish a Christian community
theocracy – a government run by religious leaders

5. A month after the Diet of Worms Charles issued an imperial order
Edict of Worms declared Luther an outlaw and a heretic
No one could give Luther food or shelter
Luther was given shelter & protection by Fredrick the Wise
Luther translated the Bible into German

6. Many northern princes supported Luther
The German princes became known as Protestants.
Eventually all non-Catholic Churches became known as Protestants

7. People began to apply Luther’s ideas of spiritual freedom to society
Peasant's Revolt of 1524
German peasant's demanded an end to serfdom.
Mobs of angry peasants pillaged & burned.
The revolt horrified Luther who wrote a pamphlet encouraging the prince’s to show no mercy
The prince’s armies crushed the revolt.
As many as 100,000 were massacred

8. Holy Roman Emperor Charles V went to war against the Protestants
He defeated them in 1547 but could not force them back into the Catholic church.
All princes assembled in the city of Augsburg
Peace of Augsburg- religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler

9. The Reformation Spreads
Ulrich Zwingli- Protestant leader in Zurich Switzerland.
Wanted to start a theocracy

10. theocracy
A government in which the church & state are joined. OR Rule by Religious leaders
Iran is a modern example of a theocracy

11. John Calvin
John Calvin, a French-born priest and lawyer, was strongly influenced by these Reformation ideas. In 1541, the people of Geneva, Switzerland, invited Calvin to lead their community

12. Next to Luther John Calvin is the most important Protestant reformer

13. Calvin’s major work
Institutes of the Christian Religion

14. Major ideas of John Calvin
Authority of Scripture
"For anyone to arrive at God the Creator he needs Scripture as his Guide and Teacher."

15. John Calvin: God is Sovereign
Calvin preached predestination: God knows who will be saved before they are born & guides those destined for salvation
God elects
God chooses

16. Calvin preached in Geneva, Switzerland
Those who followed Calvin became known as Calvinists.
Calvinism spread to Netherlands, France, Scotland

17. CALVINISM Started in Switzerland – Calvinists England = Puritans
Scotland = Presbyterians
Holland = Dutch Reform
France = Huguenots
Germany = Reform Church

18. John Knox Spread Calvinism into Scotland
He started the Presbyterian Church

19. Anabaptists Believed in complete separation from the world
Radical Reformation
Believed in complete separation from the world
Believed in rebaptizing adults
Pacifists
Mennonites, Amish, Hutterites
Menno Simons
Founder of the
Mennonites

20. Examine Woodcut illustrations
Woodcuts could be used as political cartoons. Examine the woodcuts below & answer the questions.
Then
Make your own
cartoon

21. Next: Look at the 95 Theses:
2.Luther & Protest:
Martin Luther’s 95 Theses
Enough is enough
Use Luther as a model
What would you protest?
1. Complete the Guided reading
Answer the Constructed response questions