1. Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)

2. Presentation Outline Definition Motivation Characteristics
SOAP message format
SOAP in code
SOAP Security
SOAP in action

3. What is SOAP?
SOAP is a lightweight protocol intended for exchanging structured information in a decentralized, distributed environment. SOAP uses XML technologies to define an extensible messaging framework, which provides a message construct that can be exchanged over a variety of underlying protocols. The framework has been designed to be independent of any particular programming model and other implementation-specific semantics.

4. SOAP is the Foundation WS-Security SOAP WS-Policy WS-Trust WS-Privacy
WS-Secure
Conversation
WS-Federation
WS-Authorization

5. Simply Put...
SOAP is a way for a program running in one operating system to communicate with a program running in either the same or a different operating system, using HTTP (or any other transport protocol) and XML.

6. SOAP Messaging Framework
XML-based messaging framework that is
1) extensible
2) interoperable
3) independent
Next we discuss these three characteristics in more detail

7. Extensible Simplicity remains one of SOAP's primary design goals
SOAP defines a communication framework that allows for features such as security, routing, and reliability to be added later as layered extensions

8. Interoperable
SOAP can be used over any transport protocol such as TCP, HTTP, SMTP
SOAP provides an explicit binding today for HTTP

9. Interoperable Cont…

10. Independent
SOAP allows for any programming model and is not tied to RPC
SOAP defines a model for processing individual, one-way messages
SOAP also allows for any number of message exchange patterns (MEPs)

11. One-Way Message

12. Request/Response

13. SOAP Message Format SOAP message consists of three parts:
SOAP Envelope
SOAP Header (optional)
SOAP Body
From the namespace

14. SOAP Envelope
The SOAP Envelope construct defines an overall framework for expressing what is in a message and who should deal with it.

15. SOAP Envelope Cont…
The Envelope is the top element of the XML document representing the message.
The Envelope element is always the root element of a SOAP message.
The Envelope element contains an optional Header element followed by a mandatory Body element.

16. SOAP Envelope Code
<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap=" <soap:Header> <!-- optional -->
<!-- header blocks go here... -->
</soap:Header>
<soap:Body>
<!-- payload or Fault element goes here... --> </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>

17. SOAP Header
The Header element is a generic container for control information
It may contain any number of elements from any namespace
Header blocks should contain information that influences payload processing
Header is optional

18. SOAP Header Code <soap:Header>
<!-- security credentials -->
<s:credentials xmlns:s="urn:examples-org:security"> <username>dave</username> <password>evad</password>
</s:credentials>
</soap:Header>

19. SOAP Body
The Body element represents the message payload

20. SOAP Body Code <soap:Body>
<x:TransferFunds xmlns:x="urn:examples-org:banking"> <from> </from>
<to> </to>
<amount>100.00</amount>
</x:TransferFunds>
</soap:Body>

21. SOAP in Code SOAP Message Embedded in HTTP Request:
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="   SOAPENV:encodingStyle=" <SOAP-ENV:Body>        <m:GetLastTradePrice xmlns:m="Some-URI">            <symbol>DIS</symbol>        </m:GetLastTradePrice>    </SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

22. SOAP in Code Cont… SOAP Message Embedded in HTTP Response:
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope   xmlns:SOAP-ENV="   SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="    <SOAP-ENV:Body>        <m:GetLastTradePriceResponse xmlns:m="Some-URI">            <Price>34.5</Price>        </m:GetLastTradePriceResponse>    </SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

23. SOAP Security
The SOAP specification does not define encryption for XML Web Services.
This is left up to the implementer of the SOAP protocol.

24. Issues About Security
Encryption places a dependency on the transport protocol
Does the transport protocol support secure communication?
What is the cost of encrypting all the data versus part of the data?

25. SOAP Code with Encryption
WebService Language="C#" Class="CreditCardService" %>
using System.Web.Services;
public class CreditCardService {
[WebMethod]
[EncryptionExtension(Encrypt=EncryptMode.Response)]
public string GetCreditCardNumber() {
return "MC: "; }

26. Request Encrypted <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap=" xmlns:xsi=" xmlns:xsd="
<soap:Body>
<GetCreditCardNumber xmlns=" />
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>

27. Response Encrypted <soap:Body>
<GetCreditCardNumber xmlns="
<GetCreditCardNumberResult>
</GetCreditCardNumberResult>
</GetCreditCardNumber>
</soap:Body>

28. References Understanding SOAP W3C Note
Overall explanation of what SOAP is, and what it can do.
W3C Note
Explains how SOAP exchanges messages. Code level details.