1. Anatomy Test Review Part 1

2. 1
A boy jumps into a cold swimming pool and his body temperature goes down. His muscles, blood vessels, and nervous system work together to restore his body temperature. Which term best describes this process? A. homeostasis B. hypothermia C. reflex D. respiration

3. 2
Examining a bone marrow sample could help a doctor diagnose problems with which of the following? A. sense of balance B. speed of reflexes C. production of blood cells D. filtering of wastes from blood

4. 3
What is the primary role of the stomach in the human digestive system? A. producing specialized salts that absorb fats B. absorbing water and minerals from undigested food C. using muscle movements and enzymes to break down food D. transferring nutrients from digested food to the bloodstream

5. 4
Hepatitis is a disease of the liver. Which of the following happens as a result of decreased liver function? A. Carbon dioxide builds up in the liver. B. Toxic compounds build up in the blood. C. The kidneys take over the functions of the liver. D. The stomach produces the enzymes needed for digestion

6. 5
The digestive system of most birds includes a structure called the gizzard. The gizzard crushes and grinds food, often with the help of small stones that the bird has swallowed. Which of the following structures in the human digestive system has a function most similar to that of a bird’s gizzard? A. esophagus B. large intestine C. small intestine D. teeth

7. 6
Which term describes the maintenance of a steady internal state in the body? A. gametogenesis B. homeostasis C. mitosis D. respiration

8. 7
Crohn’s disease causes inflammation of the digestive tract, particularly the small intestine. Inflammation of the small intestine would directly interfere with which of the following digestive functions? A. liquefying food B. reabsorbing water C. absorbing nutrients D. moving food to the stomach

9. 8
In which part of the human digestive system do both physical breakdown and chemical breakdown of food first begin? A. esophagus B. mouth C. large intestine D. small intestine

10. 9
Joints are most important for which of the following functions of the human skeletal system? A. protection B. movement C. storage of minerals D. blood cell formation

11. 10
A person who is cold shivers to generate body heat. Which of the following lists the primary body systems that interact to maintain homeostasis in this situation? A. nervous, excretory, and respiratory B. excretory, digestive, and respiratory C. digestive, muscular, and circulatory D. muscular, circulatory, and nervous

12. 11
In which of the following ways does perspiring help the body to maintain homeostasis? A. by decreasing body temperature B. by increasing blood sugar levels C. by increasing the amount of fluid in the body D. by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in cells

13. 12
Which of the following is a body system response that adjusts body temperature when it is higher than normal? A. Breathing rate begins to decrease. B. Blood vessels near the skin constrict. C. Sweat glands produce and secrete sweat. D. Hormones increase the metabolic rate of the liver.

14. 13
Heartburn is pain that occurs when acidic gastric juice is forced out of the upper end of the stomach. In which of the following organs does a person experience heartburn? A. pancreas B. esophagus C. small intestine D. large intestine

15. 14
What is the name of the connective tissue that joins skeletal muscle to bones? A. cartilage B. ligaments C. neurons D. tendons

16. 15 A diagram of a body system is shown
Which of the following is a primary function of this system?
maintaining body temperature
supporting the weight of the body
filtering nitrogenous waste from the blood
coordinating nervous responses in the body

17. 16
Which of the following is a function of the liver? A. removing toxic compounds from the blood B. secreting digestive enzymes into the stomach C. producing white blood cells to fight infections D. converting food into smaller nutrient molecules

18. 17
What is the primary function of the large intestine? A. to digest proteins B. to absorb nutrients C. to break down complex carbohydrates D. to remove water from waste

19. 18
Which of the following is one of the functions of the human skeleton? A. producing hormones B. bringing gases into the body C. removing waste from the body D. providing a site for blood cell formation

20. 19
Which of the following is the best example of an organism maintaining homeostasis? A. a wolf panting after a chase B. a spider catching an insect in a web C. a cricket becoming infected by a virus D. a mole digging tunnels in the ground

21. 20
What is the primary role of the stomach in the human digestive system?
producing specialized salts that absorb fats
absorbing water and minerals from undigested food
using muscle movements and enzymes to break down food
transferring nutrients from digested food to the bloodstream

22. 21
Which of the following statements describes the main purpose of digestion in the human body?
Digestion adds phosphate groups that can yield energy when food reaches body cells.
Digestion supplies free oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen atoms from food molecules for body cells.
Digestion removes all bacteria and toxins before food is absorbed into the blood and body cells
Digestion changes food molecules into smaller molecules that can pass into the blood and be used by body cells.

23. 22.
Laboratory tests can be used to evaluate how well a person’s liver is working. One test measures how well the liver removes a substance called bilirubin from the blood. Based on this information, which of the following describes bilirubin? A. an antibody B. an energy source C. a vitamin D. a waste product

24. 23 Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle Smooth Internal
Cardiac
Skeletal

25. 24.
Which of the following is the best example of homeostasis in the human body? A. the secretions from oil glands in the skin decrease as a person ages. B. Opposite muscles are used to bend and extend a person’s arm at the elbow joint. C. The villi of the small intestine increase the absorption of nutrients from the small intestine into the blood. D. More growth hormone is released from the pituitary gland when the level of growth hormone in the blood falls too low.

26. 25.
The vertebrae and cartilaginous discs of the spine are parts of which body system? A. circulatory system B. excretory system C. muscular system D. skeletal system

27. 26. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
Skeletal muscle is voluntary
Cardiac muscle is involuntary
Smooth and Cardiac muscles are voluntary
Cardiac and Smooth muscles are involuntary

28. 27.
What is #1?
Pancreas
Gall bladder
Appendix
Salivary gland 1

29. 28.
What is #2?
Pancreas
Gall bladder
Appendix
Salivary gland 2

30. 29.
What is #3?
Small Intestine
Liver
Large Intestine
Rectum 3

31. 30.
What is #4?
Small intestine
Lung
Stomach
Liver 4

32. 31.
What is #5?
Small intestine
Lung
Stomach
Liver 5

33. 32.
What is #6?
Esophagus
Appendix
Stomach
Liver 6

34. 33.
What is Peristalsis?
When you liver cannot function and the pancreas takes over the job of filtering toxins from the bloodstream.
Series of involuntary wave-like muscle contractions which move food along the digestive tract
The process of creating bile to break down fats in the digestion system
The term for both mechanical and chemical digestion in the digestive system.

35. 34.
The illustrations show a smooth muscle cell and a skeletal muscle cell.
Identify one location where smooth muscle is found in the human body and whether smooth muscle is under voluntary or involuntary control.
Identify one location where skeletal muscle is found in the human body and whether skeletal muscle is under voluntary or involuntary control.
The third type of muscle in the human body is cardiac muscle.
Identify whether cardiac muscle is more similar to smooth muscle or skeletal muscle. Provide two reasons to support your answer.