1. The Universe
Image taken from

2. Galaxies and the Universe - Notes

3. Astronomy
The branch of science that deals with objects in the universe and space

4. The Universe
The universe is composed of ALL matter and energy in space
The universe is made of 3 major components:
galaxies
solar systems
planets
Can you think of something in the universe that cannot be seen, but its effects on other things can be detected?

5. There have been many scientists who have studied the universe..

6. Gallileo Used early telescopes to describe the surface of the moon
Found that Jupiter and Venus had moons on them
Discovered that the Earth was not the center of the solar system
Is known as the Father of Modern Science

7. Sir Isaac Newton Discovered laws of gravity
Proved that gravity is a force that pulls smaller objects toward larger ones
From

8. Telescope Types: a device that gathers electromagnetic radiation
Visible, infrared, ultraviolet – pick up visible, infrared, and ultraviolet waves
Reflecting - use mirrors that reflect the image being viewed
Refracting – using lenses, gathers light and focuses it near the opposite end of the tube; works like a magnifying glass
Radio - pick up radio waves emitted from space; not effected by variables like weather or clouds
Internet Telescope

9. Edwin Hubble
Scientist that determined that the universe is made of many galaxies
He observed that galaxies were moving away from each other
Hubble Law – the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us
Image taken from:

10. Hubble Space Telescope
a reflecting telescope that was placed into orbit in 1990
sends images and measurements back to Earth electronically
Image taken from:
What is one of the main
benefits of having the Hubble Space
Telescope in orbit, as opposed to
it being here on Earth?

11. Hubble Space Telescope
Telescope used to study the far reaches of the universe
The telescope was named after Edwin Hubble
It has been in orbit since 1990
Can take pictures of the universe objects further away than any other telescope
The HST was the first to take pictures of other galaxies

12. The Universe is Made of Many Galaxies

13. A Galaxy is…. A large collection of stars, gas and dust
Contains millions to hundreds of billions of stars
Star - a large hot ball of gas which generates energy in its core by nuclear reactions
Held together by the gravitational attraction of all its member stars on one another
Sometimes contain very bright centers called quasars
Three major types:
Spiral
Elliptical
Irregular
Q: What is the name
of the galaxy
we reside in?

14. 3 Types of Galaxies Spiral
have arms of stars, gas , and dust that curve away from the center of the galaxy in a spiral pattern
Ex. – Milky Way
Elliptical
shaped like spheres or eggs; have almost no dust or gas between stars; contain old stars
Irregular
faint galaxies without a definite shape; smaller than the other types of galaxies; contain fewer stars
Images taken from:

15. A Galaxy is made of several components….
What type of
Galaxy is this?
How do you know?

16. Solar System Includes the sun and all objects orbiting around it
Including the eight major planets, their satellites (moons), and all the smaller pieces such as asteroids and comets
It was formed around 4.6 billion years ago
Why are the
objects in this
photo shown in
different
places?
Image taken from:

17. Planet Is a major object which orbits around a star
There are 8 in the Milky Way solar system
Can be made of gas, rock or plasma

18. to see all constellations
A Constellation
Is a group of stars that form a pattern in the sky
Ancient cultures used constellations to tell stories
Stars of a constellation are often far apart from each other, but they appear grouped together when viewed from Earth
Why is it not possible
to see all constellations
at once?

19. Asteroids Small rocky objects that orbit close to the Sun
Most are found between Mars and Jupiter in the “Asteroid Belt”
Scientists think that asteroids may be leftover material from the formation of the solar system
Image taken from:

20. Meteoroid, Meteor, Meteorite
Meteoroid (asteroid)
Meteoroid – solid debris from space (asteroids) that are moving towards Earth
Meteor
When the small particle enters the Earth’s atmosphere at high speed
It is also called “shooting stars” or “falling stars”
Meteorite – when the small particle reaches the Earth’s surface
Freehold Meteorite - MSNBC
Freehold Meteorite - USA-Today
Meteor
Meteorite
The Earth animation is not rotating in the correct direction;
it should be rotating from west to east
What causes a meteor shower to occur?

21. Comet A small object made of ice and dust that orbits the Sun
Contains a head (coma) followed by a tail(s) of gas and dust
The tail always points away from the sun and
Image from

22. Satellite An object that orbits a more massive object (i.e. – moons)
Probes that are launched into orbit around the Earth are called “artificial satellites”
The Earth animation is not rotating in the correct direction;
it should be rotating from west to east