1. Human Robot Interaction
A Psychological Perspective
Dr. Sandeep Nagar
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
School of Engineering
G D Goenka University
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

2. Plan of my talk: Introduction to HRI Importance Three scenarios
Lovotics
Conclusion
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

3. Introduction to HRI Humans and robots sharing a workspace
They must communicate
They must co-operate
They must manage available resources most efficiently
Robots are more than a machine and a servant
Robots are agents performing tasks just like humans
They have needs and responsibilities
Explicit Categorization of their role and responsibility
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

4. Importance of HRI Efficiency of work environment
Harmony between two species
Best robot design strategies
Best adaption strategies in multiple roles and multiple scenarios
Awareness of unseen issues
Xenophobia
Humans and robots learn to live cohesively
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

5. Three Scenarios for HRI
Programming (coding) and training (machine learning and artificial intelligence) robots to understand and cooperate with human needs.
Psychological training of humans to understand and cooperate with robot as a resource and companion.
Training both humans (psychological) and robots (computational) to work in cohesion based on a common understanding to implement a task.
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

6. Training Robots Asimov’s three laws state that:
A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the first Law.
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second laws
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

7. Problems with Asimov’s laws
Racism/Speciesism
Trust deficit
Ambiguity
Inspired by Frankenstein Complex
fear of man encroaching God’s realm and being unable to control the things he/she creates.
Fear of AI (Artificial Intelligence) Doomsday
Utilitarian morality
robot should fulfill its utilitarian obligation(s) while maintaining minimum moral standards (as defined by master)
Our desire to imagine everything as Human-like
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

8. Controlling Robots possessing lethal force
Human-in-loop
Strict identification and confirmation routes to be hard coded
A sequence of commands instead of one
Final verification by human
Intent sensing
Technologically challenging
Too many variables
Functions not known
Too complex to solve mathematically in short time
Low-power high-performance computing
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

9. Robot Ethics EURON robot-ethics roadmap Forgettable memories
Taking fresh independent decisions
Giving different levels of access
Never giving root access to important codes and documentation
Human-in-loop
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

10. Human-like robot Uncanny Valley
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

11. Training Humans Artificial life ≠ Human life
Multi-functional and socially acceptable
Effect of robots appearance:
Differences
Social, Cultural, Generation, Age, Psychological state
Proxemics studies
Humans empathize with small-sized mechanical looking robots
Anthropomorphic scale
Playful robots accepted by all age groups
Facial features and dimensions are important
Aesthetic Value along with multi-functionality
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

12. Training both humans and robots
Task oriented training
Medical missions
Outer Space activity
Disaster management
Search and rescue operations
Hazardous environments
Non-verbal communication is also important
Training is focused for task
Limited multi-functionality
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

13. Teamwork Clear definition of roles and responsibilities
Mutual respect and trust
Inculcating empathy (Artificial emotions)
Decision making
Decentralized
Hierarchical (Chain of command)
Managing Peer pressure
Partnership
Comradeship
Fast response to urgency
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

14. Artificial emotions Human-like emotions Cognition Physiological
Human emotions is baseline
Cognitive, physiological, behavioral components
Cognition
Perception, interpretation, understanding and generating a conclusion
Physiological
Hormonal
Behavioral
Expressions and actions
facial expressions, gestures, gait, body postures, movement of eyes
Computationally challenging with present state-of-the-art robotics knowledge
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

15. Lovotics Definition of love Aristotle’s definition for love:
"Philia, a dispassionate virtuous love, was a concept developed by Aristotle. It includes loyalty to friends, family, and community, and requires virtue, equality, and familiarity. Philia is motivated by practical reasons; one or both of the parties benefit from the relationship. It can also mean love of the mind. Philia entails a fondness and appreciation of the other. For the Greeks, the term Philia incorporated not just friendship, but also loyalties to family and polis-ones political community, job, or discipline"
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

16. Lovotics Samani devised a questionnaire based design of robot
small sized robot (because small size presents non-threatening appearance)
Shaped like an egg (because egg shape evoke nurturing instincts)
fitted with tactile, audio and video sensors.
Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) based artificial intelligence architecture
Probabilistic Love Assembly (PLA) is framed based on the psychology of love,
Artificial Endocrine System (AES) is based on the physiology of love
Active State Transition (AST) system is based on emotions.
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

17. Questions posed by Lovotics!
When artificial life is just similar to human life, will robots get equal social rights?
When human and robot couple would like to raise child, what kind of conditions (if any) should be imposed?
How will sex between humans and robots changed the social dynamics of human life?
What will be the legal framework in which love-life and social-life between human and robot, can be framed?
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

18. Conclusions Expose our gaps of knowledge
Limited literacy of engineers and psychologists in each others domains
Must work in teams
Technological challenges
Low-cost low-power high-performance computing
Software security and reliability
Fast and efficient hardware
Must open up for change! Its inevitable…
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016

19. THANKYOU
3/3/2016
Dr. Sandeep Nagar, ICAP 2016