4. How the Earth was Made video vocabulary:
Biosphere:
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere gases:
Geosphere
Evolution
Erosion
Weathering:
Greenhouse effect
Extinction
Algae;
Mid-Atlantic Ridge:
Pillow lava
Pangaea
Mantle plume
Fossils
Shale
Photosynthesis;
Coal:
Striations:

5.
Nebular hypothesis
Stephen Hawking's
We are star stuff Neil DeGrasse Tyson

8. 4.5
Billion
years

9. What are the sources of heat energy from when the Earth first formed?
Read Earth’s Heat on pages 73 and 74 in your textbook.
Radioactive decay from elements heats up the rock in the mantle causing it to “rotate” creating convection currents
Kinetic Energy from constant impacts (bombardment of meteorites) and Accretion
Gravitational Contraction/Weight of overlying layers during Earth’s formation: Earth contracted into a smaller volume (became more dense) causing gravitational energy to convert to heat energy

10. James Hutton; Rock strata layers, tilted and uplifted

11. Geosphere
BASALT

12. Split-up of Pangaea and Diamond mines

13. Hydrosphere All the water Lakes, rivers Oceans Glaciers (ice caps)
Aquifers (groundwater)
Atmosphere (clouds humidity)

14. Where did all this water come from?
How did we end up being the “blue planet”?

15. Scientists believe that all the water in the earths hydrosphere 1
Scientists believe that all the water in the earths hydrosphere 1. arrived here in icy meteorites over millions of years of bombardment 2. erupted out of early volcanoes. (Native Water hypothesis)

16. Earth Atmosphere Gaseous envelope around earth Layered
(page 366)
Gaseous envelope around earth
Layered
Mixture of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (20%)
About 10 miles (16 km) thick
Purpose: 1. Protects us from Sun’s radiation
2. Regulates heat energy – climate
3. Breathing (oxygen)

17. Stromatolites: 3.5 bya: mounds in shallow sea beds that look like rock but are actually colonies of single-celled organisms that turn sunlight into food (they photosynthesize!) Oxygen starts to fill the ocean and then seeps out into the atmosphere-creating a more oxygen rich atmosphere over the next 2 billion years
This oxygen rich environment is able to start supporting more diverse life
Trilobites

18. Ozone

19. Biosphere All living things on the planet.
The other 3 spheres made biosphere possible!
Examples:
everything from tiny ocean plankton
to giant redwoods to humans.
Humans are changing the other
3 spheres!
(Anthropocene Epoch…??)