1. Year 9 – 10 GCSE Preparation Natural Hazards: Tectonics
This booklet is to be completed over the Summer holidays to help prepare you for the new topic The Challenge of Natural Hazards.
These tasks are designed to introduce
you to the new topic but also to refresh
knowledge which you gained in year 8.
Need Help?
The speech bubbles on each page contain a web link to help you with the tasks.
You can also find lots of information to help you on the blog:
y.wordpress.com
Then search for natural hazards
Click on the Year 10 Revision Natural Hazards link
A slide show will open. You can work through the slides by clicking on the arrows. Not all the slides will be relevant for your tasks you will have to find the ones which are most suitable for the task you are completing.

2. Tectonic Hazards Key Words
Definition
Examples
 Tectonic hazard
 LIC 
 HIC
 Primary effect
 Secondary effect
 Immediate response
 Long-term response
Task 1: Complete the key word table with definitions and some examples using the information table below
Haiti
Nepal
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Later reactions that occur in the weeks, months and years after the event
A natural hazard caused by movement of tectonic plates
A high income country
A low income country
Landslides, Disease, Food Shortages, Tsunamis, Fires due to ruptured gas mains
New Zealand
Japan
The after-effects that occur as indirect impacts of a natural event, sometimes on a longer timescale
The initial impact of a natural event on people and property, caused directly by it
The reaction of people as the disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath
Search and rescue begins. Help from other countries e.g. supplying water, medical support and tents
Reconstruction of homes and infrastructure. Building earthquake proof buildings.
Buildings collapse, death and injury, damage to infrastructure, loss of water/electricity supply

3. Task 2: Describe the distribution of tectonic hazards shown in the map below.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Remember
Trend
Evidence
Anomaly
Why do plates move?
Task 3: Use the diagram to help you explain why the plates move. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
Need Help?

4. Task 4: Complete detailed annotated diagrams for each plate margin.
Plate Margins
Task 4: Complete detailed annotated diagrams for each plate margin.
Destructive
Constructive
Conservative
Use the labels to help you. These are a good starting point but you should also push yourself to add more detail using the blog or the link at the bottom of the page
Plates move together
Plates move apart
Volcanoes
Magma may contain water making it explosive
Plates slide past each other.
Magma is less explosive.
One plate is slipping under another (subducting)
Crust is being created
Composite Volcanoes form
Earthquakes
Need Help?
Shield Volcanoes form
Eruptions are violent.
Eruptions are gentle
Crust is being destroyed

5. Composite Volcano Task 5: Use the word box to fill in the gaps
Volcano Types
Need Help?
Composite Volcano Task 5: Use the word box to fill in the gaps
Composite volcanoes are found on ___________________________.
They have __________________________ and a __________________. They usually only have ___________________ to release lava.
Lava builds up in a ______________________ underneath the volcano. The magma chamber can grow as more __________________ melts at the destructive plate margin.
The lava is ______________________ (high silica) and so blocks up the main vent of the volcano, causing a ‘plug’ effect
The pressure build up causes an _______________ which blows out ________________________.
After the explosion the __________ runs down the sides of the volcano.
Eruptions don’t happen very often, but are explosive e.g. Mt St Helens.
Word Box
Magma Chamber Lava Destructive plate margin
Oceanic Crust Very steep sides Very thick
Narrow base Ash, gas and lava or 2 vents Explosion
Task 6: Using the description above and the links provided draw a labelled cross – section of a composite volcano.

6. Shield Volcano Task 7: Use the word box to fill in the gaps
Volcano Types
Need Help?
Shield Volcano Task 7: Use the word box to fill in the gaps
Shield volcanoes are found on ___________________________.
They have __________________________ and are much ___________.
They erupt ___________________ with lava flowing out through _____ ____________.
The lava is ______________________ (low silica) with ______________. The lava spreads easily and cools to form the low sides of the volcano
They are usually found on an ________________________ made up of other volcanoes and are made of solid lava with no layers.
Eruptions are not ____________ but are ____________.
They can also form at hot spots (volcanic activity in the _____________ of plates) creating new volcanic islands e.g. Mauna Loa, Hawaii
Word Box
Little ash Frequently Constructive plate margins
Oceanic ridge Gently sloping sides Very runny
Wider Violent many vents gentle middle
Task 8: Using the description above and the links provided draw a labelled cross – section of a shield volcano.

7. Why do earthquakes happen?
Earthquake Examples
Task 9: Research the 2 earthquakes and make notes on the effects and responses.
Nepal Earthquake 2015
Christchurch Earthquake 2011
Country Facts e.g. rich/poor, GNI, plate boundary, etc
Effects
Responses