1. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 5 CLASS NOTES
Processes and Cycles of Population Change

2. UNIT 2 ESSENTIAL Q
What does Population tell us about the world, its countries, & their relationships to one another?

3. CH. 5 Guiding Q
What does population growth and the TYPE of growth tell us about a country’s Demographic Transition Stage?
(DTS MODEL)

4. The Population Explosion of the 20th Century!!!
What have been the keys to Human Population GROWTH???
Carrying Capacity
(Matrix Scene)

6. Thomas Malthus Theory Population increases at an Exponential rate
Means of Subsistence (food supply) increases at an Arithmetic rate
So what will happen???

7. Malthus Theory

8. Pick a Side! Is Malthus correct???
Neo-Malthusian: Supports ideas of Malthus
Anti-Malthusian: NOT in agreement!!!
What are arguments against Malthus?
Why theory not true??? (At least 100%)

9. Malthus Theory

10. Natural Increase (POP.) ???
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
Infant vs. Child Mortality Rate
Why is this data important to know???

12. High Birth & Death Rate
Where in the World do we see???
WHY!!!!

13. Low Birth / Death Rate
Where in the world do we see???
WHY!!!!!

14. Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
# of children born to women of child bearing age
Why are TFRs falling in the world???
Replacement Fertility Rate
(A TFR of 2.1 is needed to maintain a stable population over time (50 countries below this) = Negative Growth!!!

17. Past Limits on Population Growth (until 19th Century)
What (past) kept Human POP in check???
(What Changed???)

18. High Life Expectancy

19. Demographic Change Formula To figure out the Total POP. change
TP = OP + B – D + I – E
TP : total population
OP: original population
B: births
D: deaths
I: Immigration
E: Emigration

20. Living Old… DEPENDENCY RATIO –
Ratio of # of people either too old or too young to provide for themselves TO the # of people who must support them through their own labor
n : 100
n = the number of dependents
AGE RANGES??? POP PYRAMID

21. POPULATION PYRAMIDS (“Age – Sex” Pyramids)

22. POPULATION PYRAMIDS (“Age – Sex” Pyramids)
What does this tell us???

24. Account for Variations??

25. Dependency Ratio
Show Pop Pyr Vid

26. What is the PROBLEM Here!!!

27. What is happening to POP in each???
Rapid Growth (MISC Events) Slow Growth Negative Growth
Kenya Baby Boom USA Italy, Germany
Nigeria Baby Bust UK, France Singapore, Japan
Jordan, Yemen Mass Migration
Gov’t Policy

29. Nigeria 1963

30. Nigeria 2003
Show Fertility Rate VID

31. Demographic Transition Cycle MODEL

32. Demographic Transition (Cycle) 4 STAGES MODEL
Development Model Using: BR / DR
(Based on Europe Model of Growth (UK))
1. High Stationary Stage –
high fertility (BR), high mortality (DR), little long term POP growth
Subsistence Econ, Farming, Mining
(very poor, undeveloped countries)
-Really NO country today in Stage 1

33. Demographic Transition Cycle MODEL

35. 2. Early Expanding Stage – high BR, declining DR POP growth rate high Development / State Organization / Gov’t., Food Supply & Country Stable, Health, Resource Exploitation, Trade

38. DTC con. 3. Late Expanding Stage -
Now declining BR, already low DR so continued POP growth, but will slow
Industrialization (Rev.), Social Change (Women) Manufacturing Base, Urbanization, Trade, Econ. Opportunities

41. 4. Low Stationary Stage –
low fertility, low mortality,
low POP growth rate (level off – TFR at or below 2.1)
Modernization, Education, Women Rights, Service Economics, Consumerism
= CORE COUNTRIES (Rich, Industrialized)

45. Key Questions…
Why Unwise to assume that ALL countries’ growth follows DTCM (Europe)?
Stationary Population Level (SPL) (DTM Stage 5?)
World’s pop. will stop growing in 21st Cen. (Will Stabilize)
Why??? How???

47. CH. 5 Guiding Q
What does population growth and the type of growth tell us about a country’s demographic transition stage?